Midterms

Question 1

This is the study of nature of duty and obligation

Answer 1

Deontology

Question 2

Greek word of deontology

Answer 2

Deont, meaning being necessary

Question 3

True or false: Kant believes that morality is constant

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What does priori mean?

Answer 4

Knowledge or reasoning that is independent of experience or empirical evidence

Question 5

This determines what is good

Answer 5

Reason

Question 6

These are commands you should follow if you want something. Your actions are contingent on your desires.

Answer 6

Hypothetical imperative

Question 7

This is a command you must follow regardless of your desires and moral obligations are derived from pure reason.

Answer 7

Categorical imperatives

Question 8

The formulation, “Act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law” is popularly known as the…

Answer 8

Universalizability Principle

Question 9

This refers to the rule or principle of action

Answer 9

Maxim

Question 10

This refers to something that must always be done in similar situation

Answer 10

Universal law

Question 11

Enumerate the universalizability test:

Answer 11

0: Identify the action to be tested
1: Formulate the maxim (personal rule: “When I… I shall…)
2: Test for universalizability: Imagine the maxim as a universal law
3: Conclude by articulating the duty

Question 12

This is the epistemological view that “regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge”

Answer 12

Rationalism

Question 13

He is the central figure in modern philosophy

Answer 13

Immanuel Kant

Question 14

What are Kant’s three critiques?

Answer 14

Critique of Pure Reason, Practical Reason, Power of Judgement

Question 15

This is the source of the general laws of nature that structure all our experience according to Kant

Answer 15

Human understanding

Question 16

This depends on experiences such as empirical observations and introspection of one’s conscious states

Answer 16

Posteriori

Question 17

These people defined good in terms of pleasure

Answer 17

Hedonists

Question 18

This is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.

Answer 18

Empiricism

Question 19

This is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, scope, and limits of human knowledge.

Answer 19

Epistemology

Question 20

This allows one to arrive at a conclusion with certainty

Answer 20

Deductive logic

Question 21

This can only provide a conclusion that is probably true

Answer 21

Inductive logic

Question 22

This claims that individuals have innate knowledge or concepts

Answer 22

Rationalism

Question 23

True or false: Rationalists believe in intuition

Answer 23

True

Question 24

This consists of the mental faculty to construct ideas and thoughts that are beyond our immediate surroundings

Answer 24

Rationality

Question 25

This is the capacity to act according to principles that we determine for ourselves

Answer 25

Rational will

Question 26

This is the property of rational will

Answer 26

Autonomy

Question 27

Animals act according to impulses based on

Answer 27

Natural instincts

Question 28

This is the choice that can be determined by pure reason

Answer 28

Free choice

Question 29

What does arbitrium brutum mean?

Answer 29

Animal choice

Question 30

This is the choice that may indeed be affected but not determined by impulses

Answer 30

Human choice

Question 31

It identifies the particular duties in a straightforward manner that the adherents of the theory must follow

Answer 31

Substantive moral theory

Question 32

This will give us a set of instructions on how to make a list of duties or moral commands

Answer 32

Formal theory

Question 33

True or false: Kant's ethical theory is a form of formal theory of moral that gives us procedure to know the rightness of an action

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or False: Whatever is a means of preserving human life and warding off its obstacles belongs to the natural law

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Enumerate the seven basic goods:

Answer 35

Self-preservation Procreation Educate Offspring Seek God Live in Society Avoid Offense Shun Ignorance

Question 36

What basic goods are exclusive to a person because they use reason?

Answer 36

Seek God Live in Society Avoid Offense Shun Ignorance

Question 37

He wrote Magnum opus: Summa Teologiae

Answer 37

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 38

Who said that the good cannot be known, yet it is the source and cause of all things to become visible

Answer 38

Plato (The Republic)

Question 39

What are the four causes of essence according to Aristotle?

Answer 39

Material Efficient (preceding force) Formal (function) Final (telos)

Question 40

Enumerate the circles of neoplatonic cosmology

Answer 40

The one Mind World Soul Material World

Question 41

What is our final goal according to neoplatonism?

Answer 41

To return to the one

Question 42

This must be in accordance with your nature. What is natural to you is your own good.

Answer 42

Natural Law

Question 43

This refers to the determination of proper measure of our acts

Answer 43

Law

Question 44

Enumerate the four laws in the natural law theory

Answer 44

Eternal Law Natural Law Human Law Divine Law

Question 45

This is the assertion that the divine wisdom directs each being toward its proper end

Answer 45

Eternal Law

Question 46

This refers to the instances where we have precepts or instructions that come from divine revelation

Answer 46

Divine Law

Question 47

This refers to all instances wherein human beings construct and enforce laws in their communities

Answer 47

Human Law

Question 48

This does not generate an external set of rules that are written down for us to consult, but rather it generates general rules that any rational agent can come to recognize by being rational.

Answer 48

Natural Law

Question 49

Where is Immanuel Kant's ethical system found

Answer 49

Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten.

Question 50

Who coined the word deontology

Answer 50

C.D. Broad in his book Five Types of Ethical Theory