Midterms Flashcards
(55 cards)
Yellow pigments
Rutin and quercetin
Flavonoid found in yellow flower pigment
“chalcones”
Rutin and and Hesperidin
Vit. P or Permeability factors
Use: tx for capillary bleeding secondary to capillary fragility
Rutin and and Hesperidin
Hesperidin, hesperetin, diosmin
Vitamin P factor or permeability factor
• Tx for capillary bleeding & increased capillary fragility, for HTN
• Rind of unripe citrus fruits
• Necessary for the retention of Vit C
• Tx for symptoms of common colds
Hesperitin, Diosmin, Naringen
Test for Flavonoid Glycosides
Shinoda Test
Powdered extract mixed with a few ml of 95% ethanol,
few drops of conc. HCl and 0.5 g magnesium turnings.
The pink colour was observed.
It indicates the presence of flavonoids. I
Shinoda Test
Test for Alcohol Glycosides:
- Fehlings’s test – brick red ppt
- Nessler’s test – gray ppt
- Tollen’s test – silver mirror ppt
- Schiff’s test – recolorization
V. fragrans
Mexican vanilla
• Best grade
V. plantifolia
Bourbon vanilla
• Blacker in color, covered with vanillin crystals and
possesses coumarin like odor
V. tahitensis
Tahiti vanilla
• Reddish brown in color, odor unpleasant
– unpleasant for flavoring
• Drug that has an aldehydic aglycone as its chief
constituent
• Cured, fully grown fruit
• Const: glucovanillin, glucovanilic alcohol
• Uses: flavoring agent, for perfumery
• Pods – confectionery & perfumery
Vanilla
Flavonoid Glycosides
1- Rue (Ruta graveolens)
2- Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
3- Gingko (Gingko biloba)
PHENOL GLYCOSIDES
1- Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans) & Poison Oak (Rhus toxicodendron)
2- Poplar buds (Papulus candicans)
3- Black hawk bark (Viburnum prunifolium)
4- Uva ursi (Arctostaphylos uva ursi)
5- Vanilla (Mexican, bourbon, Tahiti)
Lactone Glycosides/Coumarin Glycosides
1- Melilot (Melilotus officinalis)
2- Cantharides (Cantharis vesicatoria)
3- Santonica – levant (Artemisa cina)
4- Bishop’s weed (Ammi majus)
5- Gentian (Gentiana lutea)
6- Quassia (Picrasma excelsa)
7- Cocculus (Anamirta cocculus)
8- Red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus)
9- Hematoxylon (Hematoxylo n campechianum)
10- Croccus (Crocus sativus)
11- Beet root (Beta vulgaris)
12- Paprika (Capsicum annum)
13- Carrots (Daucus carota)
14- Anata (Bixa orellana)
15- Cudbear (Lecanora acharius)
16- Litmus (Lecanora tartarea)
17- Arnica (Arnica montana)
18- Calamus (Acorus calamus)
Lactone Glycosides
Coumarin Glycosides
FDA banned the use of coumarin and coumarin
containing materials as flavoring agent
Lactone Glycosides/Coumarin Glycosides
• Drug related to coumarin
• From improperly cured leaves and flowering tops of
Melilotus officinales
• is used as an anticoagulant
• D/I: Should not be taken with by person taking Vit. K
Dicumarol
test for Dicumarol
Prothrombin time
Other hydroxylated coumarin derivatives occurring in plants:
• Skimmin – Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) – toxic
• anticoagulant
• Aesculin – Horse chesnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum)
• Fraxin – Fraximus spp
• Scopolin – Atropine belladonna
• Limetin – Citrus spp.
Kedde’s Test
for unsaturated lactone; blue violet
CARBOHYDRATES
❑Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
❑Monosaccharides as their building blocks.
❑Oligosaccharides
❑Polysaccharides
MONOSACCHARIDES
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE
RIBOSE
XYLOSE
