midterms 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
produced by fission of U-135 (fission moly)
Mo-99
milked or eluted by drawing sterile saline through the column in vacuum vial
Tc-99m
Other examples of Radionuclide Production
Tin110 - Indium110 generator
Strontium82 - Rubidium82 - generator (cardiac PET)
Germanium82 - Gallium82 generator (neuroendocrine PET)
COMPONENS OF CYCLOTRON
Magnetic field
Electric field
Dees
Deflector
Target
In a cyclotron: two half of the circle where the proton is accelerated
dees
In a cyclotron: It accelerates proton by providing high-kinetic energy
electric field
In a cyclotron: It is responsible for teering the protons in spiral motion
Magnetic field
In a cyclotron: Directs the particles out through a window in the cyclotron to strike in the target
deflector
In a cyclotron: Material to be bombarded by the proton. After bombardment, 2 neutrons are directed from the nucleus
Target
Composed of fuel rods that are inherently unstable (Uranium) which undergo fission. In this process 2-3 fast neutrons and 200MeV heat are released.
reactors
In a reactor, it slows fast neutrons making it thermal neutrons.
moderator
In a reactor, it absorbs the neutrons in the reactor controlling the speed of reaction
cadium control rods
A reactor is composed of fuel rods that are inherently unstable (Uranium) which undergo fission. In this process ___fast neutrons and ____ heat are released.
2-3
200MeV
In a reactor, what are the 2 means of production?
fission
neutron capture
What are the characteristics of an ideal radionuclide?
- Pure gamma emitter- no particulate radiation
- Sufficient photon energy: 100-300keV to allow attenuation and detecton
- Minutes to hours half-life
- HVL should be around organ dimension
- Monoenergetic
Tc-99m is a metastable element discovered in _____ by ___ and ____ from a sample of Mo-98 that has been irradiated by neutrons and deutrons. It is pure gamma emitter
- 1937
- Carlo Perrier
- Emilio Serge
What is the half-life and energy of Tc-99m?
- 6hrs (baligtadin ang “9”, so 6)
- 140keV (98.6%)
excited state of nucleus with measurable lifetime (isomeric state)
metastable
What are the quality control measures done to assess radionuclides?
- RCR
- Radionuclidic purity: < 0.5
- Chemical Purity: < 10
- Radiochemical Purity: 95%
Quality Control: It is the fraction of wanted vs unwanted chemical in the preparation. Ensures that the presence of Al2O3 in the eluate is as low as possible. What is the standard range?
- Chemical Purity
- <10ug/ml (Aurin tricarboxylic acid is used for colorimetric spot testing)
Quality Control: fraction of total asctivity in a form of desired radionuclide for Tc99m generator, there should be less Mo-99 in the element. What is it? What is the standard range?
- Radionuclidic Purity
- Standard: <0.5uCi Mo-99/mCi Tc-99m
Quality Control: Fraction of total radioactivity in desired chemical form. Ensures that the expected valence state is +7
- Radiochemical Purity
- Standard: 95% of Tc-99m in +7 valence state
- combination of radionuclide (Detection) and pharmaceutical (carrier)
- portrays physiology, biochem, or pathology
- also called ____
radiopharmaceuticals
radiotracers
What are the localization mechanisms?
DPACCC
Diffusion
Phagocytosis
Active transport
Compartmental localization
Capillary blockage
Cell Sequestration
