Midterms Flashcards
(179 cards)
0
Q
On the frontier, camp meetings
A
E) played an important social and religious role
1
Q
Which of the following was NOT a prominent reform cause of the Antebellum era?
A
A) removal of Native Americans
2
Q
Which one of the following individuals was NOT a major figure in the nineteenth-century reform movements?
A
A) Alexis de Tocqueville
3
Q
Which one of the following individuals was NOT a prominent preacher of the Second Great Awakening?
A
B) Henry David Thoreau
4
Q
Which of the following was NOT a major change in family life during the 19th century?
A
D) more and more women were forced to work outside the home
5
Q
In his sermons, Charles g. Finney appealed mainly to
A
D) emotion
6
Q
Most of the converts of northern revivalism were
A
E) Middle-class citizens active in their communities
7
Q
Lyman Beecher was most closely associated with which one of the following reform movements?
A
E) temperance
8
Q
The sociological basis for the “Cult of True Womanhood” was
A
C) an increasing division of labor between men and women
9
Q
The most important function of the school in 1850 was seen as
A
B) moral indoctrination
10
Q
The most influential spokesman for the common school movement was
A
A) Horace Mann
11
Q
In practice, working class families viewed the new public schools
A
D) As depriving them of needed wage earners
12
Q
In theory, prisons and asylums
A
B) Were to substitute for the family
13
Q
In the final analysis, prisons and asylums
A
D) did not achieve the aims of their founders
14
Q
The leader of the movement to reform asylums and prisons was
A
B) Dorothea Dix
15
Q
In 1821, the American Colonization Society established which colony as a refuge for former slaves returned to Africa?
A
D) Liberia
16
Q
The founder of the radical anti-slavery movement was
A
A) William Lloyd Garrison
17
Q
In the large cities of the North, abolitionism
A
C) was violently opposed
18
Q
Historians have evaluated abolitionism as
A
B) successfully bringing slavery to the forefront of the American consciousness
19
Q
An important consequence of the abolitionist movement was
A
A) the development of the women’s rights movement
20
Q
A radical movement of foreign origin that gained some prominence in America was
A
C) utopian socialism
21
Q
____ became one of the most significant leaders of the women’s rights movement
A
C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
22
Q
Utopian socialism was founded in the 1820s, as a result of the visit to the U.S. by
A
A) Robert Owen
23
Q
Transcendentalism was the American version of
A
C) romanticism
24
The prominent american literary figure who cast doubt on the reform impulse and denied the perfectibility of society was
D) Nathaniel Hawthorne
25
Which of the following individuals was NOT a prominent American writer of the early 1800s?
E) Sylvester Graham
26
What religion advocated sexual equality, communal ownership, and strict celibacy?
B) Shaker
27
As a result of changes in the middle-class family, nineteenth century children
C) increasingly became viewed as individuals
28
In ____, Herman Melville produced a novel, original in form and conception, to fulfill the demand of young Americans for a New Literature
E) Moby Dick
29
The American population moved westward in the 1830s and 1840s for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT
A) loyalty to Mexico and Great Britain
30
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1942 settles a boundary dispute between __ over ___
B) the United States and Canada; Maine and New Brunswick
31
In 1830, California, Texas, and New Mexico were under the sovereignty of
E) Mexico
32
The most plausible reason for the Texas Revolution was
E) the unwillingness of Anglo-Americans to accept Mexican rule
33
The most important overland route for american migration to the far West was
A) the Oregon Trail
34
The leader of the Mormon trek to Utah was
A) Brigham Young
35
Opposition to Tyler's plan for the annexation of Texas came, primarily, from
B) northwestern antislavery Whigs
36
Manifest Destiny was based, in part, on
D) the belief that God was on the side of American expansionism
37
The rallying cry "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" referred to which desired territory?
A) Oregon
38
James Polk went to war with Mexico
A) to force the secession of New Mexico and California
39
One of the most important effects of the American industrial revolution was
C) a great wave of immigration
40
Between the 1830s and 1840s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from
C) Western Europe
41
The majority of Irish immigrants settled in the
E) northeast
42
The arrival of large numbers of immigrants
A) worsened the already serious problems of the cities
43
In 1856, Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina, on the floor of the U.S. Senate, almost beat senator ___ of Massachusetts to death
B) Charles Sumner
44
The Wilmot Proviso sought to
C) ban slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico
45
Individuals who opposed the expansion of slavery into the territories because they feared its effects on the labor system were known as
C) free soilers
46
According to the principle of popular sovereignty
B) settlers would determine whether a territory would have slavery
47
The political party known especially for its anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic philosophy was the
C) know-nothing party
48
In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Stephen Douglas attempted to set up territorial government on the basis of
A) popular sovereignty
49
In the 1850s, the important example of literary abolitionism was
A) Uncle Tom's Cabin
50
In the Dred Scott case, the first question faced by the Supreme Court was
B) whether or not Scott was a citizen
51
In the Dred Scott case, the Supreme Court decision was largely the work of
E) roger Taney
52
John Browns raid on Harpers Ferry
E) increased southern fears of northern hostility
53
The U.S. Army colonel who defeated John brown and his raiders was
C) Robert E. Lee
54
Hinton R. Helper's The Impending Crisis of the South
A) called for lower-class whites to abolish slavery
55
The Republicans were successful in the election of 1860 because
C) they were able to win decisively in the north
56
Which of the following was not a presidential candidate in the 1860 election?
B) Millard Fillmore
57
Between 1856 and 1860, the sectional quarrel
C) became virtually irreconcilable
58
Lincolns main concern when he entered the presidency was how to maintain federal authority
D) without provoking war with the seceded states
59
The confederate constitution was
D) surprisingly similar to the US constitution
60
The first state to secede from the union was
D) South Carolina
61
Which of the following was NOT a provision of the confederate constitution?
D) a strong central government
62
The Crittenden Plan
D) extended the Missouri compromise to the Pacific
63
The attack on Fort Sumter
D) United northern opinion against the rebellion
64
In the beginning, the Civil War was
A) a struggle to preserve the Union
65
Soon after the war began, the Confederacy moved its capital to
A) Richmond, Virginia
66
Which of the following was NOT a union military advantage during the Civil War?
E) superior generals
67
The basic Confederate strategy was to
D) wage a defensive struggle
68
Which one of the following was NOT a Northern advantage throughout the war?
E)familiar terrain and public support
69
To secure the necessary troops for the war,
D) A) the south resorted to the draft and B) the north resorted to the draft
70
Which one of the following individuals recommended an 'anaconda policy' towards the South?
E) Winfield Scott
71
One of the Souths greatest challenges during the war was
E) the reluctance of southern farmers to shift from cotton to foodstuffs
72
During the war, the Confederate economy
E) suffered from severe inflation
73
As a war leader, Jefferson Davis
E) proved incapable of handling the Confederacy's homefront problems
74
The 1862 Confederate offensive that resulted in the battle of Antietam
D) proved indecisive for both sides
75
The bloodiest one-day battle of the war was
C) Sharpsburg
76
The diplomatic objective of the Confederacy was to
D) forge alliances with England and France
77
Many wealthy Northerners and Southerners avoided military service in the war by
A) furnishing hired substitutes
78
During the was the North
E) was plagued by a series of violent, antidraft riots
79
In 1863, one of the bloodiest domestic riots in the United States occurred in __ when 120 died as Irish-American laborers attacked African Americans and opposed the draft.
B) New York City
80
The most effective Union general was
A) Ulysses S. Grant
81
In the battle of ____, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River
A) Vicksburg
82
Lincoln's opponent in the presidential election of 1864 was
A) George McClellan
83
The Emancipation Proclamation freed
E) only slaves in the Confederacy
84
The term Reconstruction refers to the
A) period immediately following the Civil War
85
A minimal Reconstruction policy was favored by
A) President Lincoln
86
In his response to the Wade-Davis Bill, Lincoln
B) stopped it with a pocket veto
87
The man who became president of the United States after Lincoln's assassination was
E) Andrew Johnson
88
As early as 1863, Lincoln proposed a plan for restoring Southern state governments based on ___ percent of the voting population of 1860 taking a loyalty oath to the Union
A) 10
89
The state laws subjecting former slaves to a series of special regulations and restrictions on their freedom were known as
D) black codes
90
What amendment to the Constitution states that no person could be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude?
D) fifteenth
91
Which of the following constitutional amendments gave civil rights to former slaves?
B) fourteenth
92
Andrew Johnson was indicted by the House for his violation of the
D) fourteenth amendment
93
The federal agency designed to assist former slaves in making the economic adjustment to freedom was known as the
B) Freedmen's Bureau
94
The legacy of Reconstruction for most African Americans was
D) poverty and discrimination
95
In Johnson's Reconstruction plan, which group had the most difficult time securing pardons?
D) wealthy Southern planters
96
Northerners who moved South during Reconstruction were called
B) carpetbaggers
97
The organization that symbolized most vividly the "white backlash" of the Reconstruction era was
E) the Ku Klux Klan
98
The result of the disputed election of 1876 was significant because it
B) it meant the end of reconstruction
99
Beginning with Lewis an Clark, most nineteenth-century mapmaker a referred to the Great Plains as
C) the Great American Desert
100
The socioeconomic and religious life of the plains tribes revolved around
D) the buffalo
101
The Pains tribes were
D) both a) dependent on buffalo and horses and b) nomadic an warlike
102
The initial government policy toward the Plains tribes was
C) to define boundaries for each tribe and sign treaties with them
103
Which of the following was NOT part of the national governments policy towards Native Americans in the 1870s and 80s?
C) assimilating native Americans into urban life
104
After 1851, the U.S. government abandoned the policy of one large reservation in favor of
C) the concentration policy
105
Which of the following was, perhaps, the greatest Native American victory over the U.S. army
A) Custer's last stand
106
The leader of the flight of the Nez Perce toward Canada in 1887 was
C) chief Joseph
107
A popular new cult among the Native American Plains tribes by the late 1880s was
B) the ghost dance
108
Which of the following was NOT done by the Dawes Act?
C) it greatly increased the power of tribal chiefs
109
The homestead act of 1862 failed because
A) the land allotments were insufficient for farming arid land
110
Who was the Wests largest landowner?
A) the federal government
111
The first major industry to attract large numbers of people to the west was
C) mining
112
The western cattle industry had its origin in
A) Mexico
113
Which of the following stimulated the western cattle industry?
D) railroads and a population increase in the eastern United States
114
Approximately 50% of cowboys driving the great herds from Texas to city markets in the 1870s were
D) African Americans and Mexicans
115
In the late nineteenth century, farmers on the Great Plains usually lived in
A) isolated farmhouses
116
The inventor of barbed wire was
A) Joseph glidden
117
The so-called "final fling" of settlement on the frontier occurred in
C) Oklahoma
118
Frederick Jackson Turner was
E) the historian who first developed the frontier thesis
119
The 1860s writer who urged easterners to "go west, young man" was
E) Horace Greeley
120
Which of the following was NOT a factor in American industrial development?
E) industrialization of the South
121
The most significant technical innovation of the 19th century was
C) railroads
122
Rapid rail construction after the civil war was possible because
D) federal and state governments provided important incentives
123
The two transcontinental railroad lines met at
D) promontory, Utah
124
After 1870, the measure of a nations industrial progress was determined by
A) per capita exports
125
In which type of organization does a company own all elements from raw material to finished product?
C) vertical integration
126
The most important figure in American finance was
A) J.P. Morgan
127
The greatest inventor of late 19th and early 20th century America was
E) Thomas Edison
128
Which of the following companies was not a retail store marketing its products around the country in the late 19th century?
E) Wal-Mart
129
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the advent of advertising?
C) most consumers felt threatened by the new industrial goods
130
In comparison to male workers, female workers
B) were relegated to traditional, "feminine" jobs
131
Which of the following groups received the greatest rewards from industrialization?
B) white, native-born males
132
The leader of the Knights of labor was
C) Terence Powderly
133
As the leader of the american Federation of Labor, he tried to achieve pragmatic goals for his workers.
C) Samuel Gompers
134
For the women workers, the American Federation of Labor
A) either ignored or opposed them as members
135
The principe of the "iron law of wages" stated that
C) supply and demand regulated wages
136
The Haymarket Square riot
E) weakened the national labor movement
137
The process of feminization took place in which of the following professions in the late 19th century century?
B) teaching
138
This company became the first billion-dollar company
D) US steel
139
The journalist who exposed 'How the Other Half Lives' in urban tenements was
C) Jacob Riis
140
By the end of the 19th century, most immigrants arrived from
D) southern and Eastern Europe
141
As the new immigrants entered American society,
A) they clung to the customs of their native countries
142
One consequence of the urban growth of the late 19th century was
B) powerful city political machines
143
Which of the following was NOT a reason urban political machines stayed in power?
E) there was little regard for the political system
144
The most famous political machine of the late 19th century was
A) Tammany hall
145
The most famous of the urban political bosses in the late 19th century was
A) William tweed
146
In the Victorian code of morality,
C) strict standards of behavior should be followed
147
Most Americans in the 1880s
B) were church-attending Protestants
148
____ was the first spectator sport to develop after the civil war
B) baseball
149
The Comstock law
A) legislated public morality
150
What did the popularity of spectator sports indicate?
D) the increased amount of leisure time
151
The New Woman
A) developed from the economic changes of the times
152
In the late 19th century,
A) motherhood and home were held in high esteem
153
A founder of the national american woman suffrage association was
E) Susan b. Anthony
154
A major difference between northern and southern schools was
C) southern states could not finance their schools
155
As a result of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision,
D) African American education was to be separate but equal to white education
156
A major change in the college curriculum of the late 19th century was to
D) stress the practical application of education
157
The ___ gave large grants of land to states to establish agricultural colleges.
E) Morrill Land Grant Act
158
Booker T. Washington
A) believed that self-help was the best plan for African Americans
159
The social Darwinists
E) believed the laws of nature applied to society
160
His theory of a single tax would have equalized wealth and raised revenue to aid the poor
E) Henry George
161
The leading American advocate of social Darwinism was
E) William Graham Sumner
162
Jane Addams was the founder of
C) Hull House in Chicago
163
The religious movement that believed Christianity must have a goal of meeting the needs of the urban poor was
E) the social gospel
164
WEB Du Bois
A) believed educational advancement was the key to success
165
Why were Americans fascinated by politics during the Gilded Age?
C) most Americans saw it as a form of entertainment
166
According to the theory behind the grandfather clause,
D) only whites could exercise their voting rights
167
Which of the following groups made up the bulk of the electorate until 1900?
B) white males
168
Which of the following did NOT determine party loyalty in the late 19th century?
D) political ideology
169
Which of the following was NOT part of the Republican party's platform in the post-Civil War period?
A) decentralized government power
170
The Pendleton Act
C) provided a merit system for the national government
171
Which of the following presidents was assassinated in office?
D) James Garfield
172
Those who supported the free coinage of silver
A) were convinced it would help the agrarian sectors
173
Which one of the following was NOT a demand of the Populist Party?
B) maintenance of the gold standard
174
The Populist candidate for president in 1892 was
A) James weaver
175
As the leader of the unemployed marching on Washington, he demanded that the government fund jobs
D) Jacob Coxey
176
The individual who rocketed to national attention because of the Pullman strike was
B) Eugene V. Debs
177
The major issue of the election of 1896 was
A) currency
178
The two major presidential candidates of the 1896 election were
A) William Jennings Bryan and William McKinley
