MIDTERMS bld and hematopoeisis pt 2 Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
viral or fungal infection, tuberculosis, some leukemias, some chronic diseases
A
monocytosis
2
Q
bacterial infection, burn, stress, inflammation
A
neutrophilia
3
Q
viral infection, some leukemias
A
lymphocytosis
4
Q
allergic reactions, parasitic infection, autoimmune diseases
A
eosinophilia
5
Q
allergic reaction, leukemias, cancers, hypothyroidism
A
basophilia
6
Q
radiation exposure, durg toxicity, vitamin b12 def, systemic lupus erythematosus
A
neutropenia
7
Q
prolonged illness, immunosupression, treatment with cortisol
A
lymphocytopenia
8
Q
bone marrow suppression, treatment with cortisol
A
monocytopenia
9
Q
drug toxicity and stress
A
eosinopenia
10
Q
pregnancy, ovulation, stress and hyperthyroidism
A
basopenia
11
Q
granules are smaller, evenly distributed
A
neutrophils
12
Q
has stain of pale lilac
A
neutrophil
13
Q
has a lobe of 2-5 lobe
A
neutrophil
14
Q
most abundant wbc
A
neutrophil
15
Q
neutral loving wbc
A
neutrophil
16
Q
neutrophil is also known as
A
polymorphonuclear leukocyte
17
Q
stain of basophil
A
blue purple w basic dye
18
Q
stain of eosinophil
A
red-orange w acidic dye
19
Q
lobe of eos
A
2 lobes
20
Q
percent of eos
A
0.5-1%
21
Q
large uniforme sized granules that is eosin loving
A
eosinophil
22
Q
granules do not cover or obscure the nucleus
A
eosinophil
23
Q
lobes of baso
A
2 lobes
24
Q
total wbc of baso
A
0.5%
25
granules commonly obscure the nucleus
baso
26
round variable sized granules that is basic loving
baso
27
its nucleus has stain of dark with round, slightly indented, condense chromatin
lymphocytes
28
its cytoplasm has a stain of sky/pale blue and formed a rim around the nucleus
lymphocyte
29
shape of nucleus in monocyte
kidney-shaped or horseshoe shaped
30
cytoplasm stain in mono
blue gray (azurophilic granules) with foamy appearance
31
chief site in first 3 weeks postpartum
bone marrow
32
fetal skeletal structure is until what year
2-3 years
33
fetal skeletal structure is in
red marrow
34
location of red marrow in children
skull, clavicle, ribs, vertebra, pelvis and long bones
35
loc of red marrow 18 and older
skull, clav, ribs, vertebra, pelvis and at the prox end of long bones
36
rate of bone marrow growth exceed the need of blood cells
fourth year
37
year where it can lead to active marrow space that replaces fatty reserves
4th year
38
there is a balance bet the developjng bone marrow space and infant’s need for blood cells
first few years of life
39
2 types of marrow
red and yellow marrow
40
red BM consist of
RBC WBC and plt
41
yellow marrow composed of
adipose cells
42
yellow marrow is also called the
fatty marrow
43
2 phases in extrauterine phase
myeloid/medullary phase and extramedullary phase
44
occurs normal and in certain disease in state the BM is unable to produce sufficient number of hematopoeitic cells
extramed phase
45
phase where production of blood cells is outside the bone marrow
extramed phase
46
enlargement of liver and spleen is due to
increase of blood cell prod
47
chief site of extramed phase
liver and spleen
48
condition of extramed phase
BM is dysfunctional and BM is unable to meet demand
49
where bone marrow fails to produce blood cells
aplastic anemia
50
where RBC’s are destroyed faster that the BM can produce
Hemolytic anemia
51
it can revert to red marrow to increas blood cell prod
yellow marrow
52
resposible for yellow marrow
fatty reserves
53
phase that is rare in adults bec they have a lot of fatty reserves
extramed phase
54
3 theories
MONOPHYLETIC/UNITARIAN THEORY
POLYPHYLETIC THEORY
COMPLETE THEORY
55
theory that blood cell came from one stem cell which is totipotent, gives rise to any series of cell type
monophyletic theory
56
theory that has a separate and distinct stem cell compartment
polyphyletic theory
57
theory has a stem cell for each cell series
complete theory
58
sub theories in monophyletic
dualistic and trialistic
59
dualistic has
lymphoblast and myeloblast
60
trialistic has
reticuloendothelial cells
61
progenator cells of lymphocytes
lymphoblast
62
precursor cell of granulocyte
myeloblast
63
these two gives rise to monocytes
reticuloendothelial cells and monoblast
64
ratio of volume of the hematopoetic cells to the total volume pf marrow space
marrow cellularity
65
blood cell percentage is increased
hypercellular/ hyperplastic
66
blood cell percentage is decreased
hypocellular or hypoplastic
67
hypoplastic disease such as
aplastic anemia
68
marrow space consist
cells, fats and stromal elements
69
ME is
myeloid: erythroid
70
ME ratio
1.2:1 to 4:1
71
inc ME diseases
infection, chronic myelogenous leukemia and erthroid hypoplasia
72
dec ME diseases
leukopoiesis depression and nomoblastic hypoplasia
73
functions of the spleen
hematopoietic function
reservoir function
filtration function
immunologic function
74
filtration of foreign entities found in the spleen
immunologic function
75
macrophages present in the spleen
littoral cells
76
splenic macropages has
littoral cells
77
blood volume in spleen
350 ml
78
largest lymphoid organ
spleen
79
spleen stores plts and grnaulocytes
reservoir function
80
red pulp vascular sinuses in the spleen
cord of bilroth
81
removing of inclusions of RBC by macropages
PITTING
82
removal of senescent cells
CULLING
83
RBC that has live their 120 days lifespan
senescent cells
84
antigen presentation pccurs in
spleen
85
types of human stem cells
totipotential stem cells
pluripotential stem cells
multipotential stem cells
86
most versatile type of stem cells, can develop any type of cell including the dev of embryo into fetus
totipotential stem cells
87
has limited to specific type of stem cells
multipotential stem cells
88
can develop in any type of cell except can not develop into a few days fetus
pluripotent stem cells
89
stem cells produced by bone marrow
hemohistioblast and hemocytoblast or pluripotent
90
one single fixed multipotent cell which gives rise to tissue and blood cells
hemohistioblast
91
has ability to reproduce and differentiate
pluri
92
present in small number in the BM
pluri
93
not morphology identifiable
pluri
94
primitive progenator
flt 3 ligand
95
stimulates myeloid, erythroid and lymphoid progenator
kit ligand
96
stem cell factor or steel factor
kit ligand
97
CSF has
GM-CSF
G CSF
M CSF OR CSF1
98
GM CSF has
gran, mono, ery, mega, eos
99
M CSF has
mono macrophage
100
t cells b cell NK cells
IL 2
101
multilineage stimulating factor
IL 3
102
b cells t cells mast cells
IL 4
103
stem cells and b cells
IL 6
104
pre b cells t cells and early granulocyte
IL 7
105
megakaryocytes
IL 11
106
granulocytes, macropages, fibrinogen and endothelial cells
GM CSF
107
red cell progenator cells
EPO
108
they are primarily regulates immune response and inflammation
cytokines
109
regulates proliferation, cell growth and differentation
growth factors
110
RBC shape
biconcave disc
111
diameter of RBC
7-8 Micrometer
112
crucial component of hemoglobin
heme
113
thus bind to the oxygen
iron
114
plts diameter
2-4 micrometer
115
it contains many vesicle but no nucleus
plts
116
main site of adults in thrombopoeisis
bone marrow
117
primary site in thrombopoeisis
liver
118
size of immature cells
large
119
size of mature cells
small
120
nucleoli is absent in
mature cell
121
nucleoli is present in
immature cells
122
its chromatin is fine and delicate
immature cells
123
its chromatin is coarse and clumped
mature
124
N:C ratio is high
immature
125
N:C RATIO is low
mature
126
cytoplasm is basophilic : dark blue( rich in rna
immature
127
cytoplasm is less basophilic and less RNA
mature
128
nucleus is round
immature
129
nucleus is round, lobulated and segmented
mature
