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2ND SEM > MIDTERMS - HUMAN FACTORS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS - HUMAN FACTORS Flashcards

1
Q

Due to operating aircraft engines or auxiliary power units (APUs), moving vehicles, and other noises, the ___ area is obviously noisy.

A

AIRPORT RAMP

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2
Q

Noise levels that are higher than ___ are not uncommon and can result in hearing loss if continuous exposure occurs.

A

85-90 DB

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3
Q

It is likely that they should always have some sort of hearing protection on them and, generally speaking, wear it while they are in an area where regular conversation is not audible at a distance of ___

A

2 meters or less.

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4
Q

Additional ____ impacts include variations in heart rate and blood pressure, fatigue, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues including ulcers.

A

Physiological

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5
Q

____ is the primary reason fumes might cause issues for personnel, but they can also cause other issues including eye irritation.

A

Inhalation

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6
Q

It is also basic sense that a ground handling staff member should notify his coworkers and ___ right away if they discover toxic vapors so that the area may be evacuated and appropriate action can be taken to identify the source.

A

Supervisor

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7
Q

Certain fumes have a ___ that makes them noticeable, while others have no fragrance at all.

A

smell

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8
Q

The airplane maintenance professional may breathe in the ___ that are released by each material.

A

vapors or fumes

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9
Q

It is essential that ground handling personnel work in well-lit environments in order to prevent accidents and inefficiency in their work.

A

True

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10
Q

Airfields may seem to be lit up by floodlights and other airfield lighting throughout the ____, but these are unlikely to provide a technician enough light.

A

night

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11
Q

___ describes the lighting in the technician’s immediate vicinity as well as in the overall workspace in which they are doing their duties.

A

Illumination

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12
Q

In daylight, the technician could have enough ___ light to see clearly outside.

A

natural

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13
Q

When using ____, it should be placed close to the work being done.

A

task lighting

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14
Q

A key component of the quality of the illuminated environment is ____.

A

glare

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15
Q

The ___ and amount of illumination vary depending on the demands of the task.

A

nature

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16
Q

___ conditions make numb fingers, reducing the ground handling staff ability to carry out task that require fine motor skills.

A

cold

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17
Q

A common physical phenomena, vibration is any kind of ___ that regularly modifies the amplitude of displacement with respect to a point.

A

motion

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18
Q

Since the majority of vibratory energy in this range is absorbed by the human body, vibration between 0.5 Hz and ___ is the most harmful.

A

20 Hz

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19
Q

potentially act against safety, with responsibility being devolved to such an extent that no one feels personally responsible for safety is referred to as ___

A

organizational culture

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20
Q

phenomena associated with group or team working and responsibility for decisions and actions

A
  • Intergroup conflict
  • Group polarization
  • Free Loading
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21
Q

situations evolve where a small group may act cohesively as a team, but rivalries may arise between this team and others

A

Intergroup conflict

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22
Q

tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual members’ initial positions.

A

Group polarization

23
Q

tendency for some individuals to work less hard on a task when they believe others are working on it.

A

Free Loading

24
Q

goal-directed, purposeful behavior, and no human behavior occurs without some kind of motivation underpinning it.

A

Motivated behavior

25
Q

Possibly one of the most well known theories which attempts to describe human motivation

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

26
Q

Maslow considered that humans are driven by two different sets of motivational forces:

A
  • ensure survival by satisfying basic physical and psychological needs
  • help us to realize our full potential in life known as self-actualization needs
27
Q

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (From top to bottom)

A

Self-actualisation
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological

28
Q

these are necessary to sustain the body. Food, water, sleep, clothing, shelter

A

Physiological needs

29
Q

love self-esteem, belonging, and achievement are all examples of___

A

psychological needs

30
Q

There are five basic categories of human need which can affect a person’s behavior, called the hierarchy of human needs, which was introduced by __

A

ABRAHAM MASLOW.

31
Q

An interesting experiment on motivation was carried out in __ at the ___

A

1924 at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago.

32
Q

This suggested that it was not the improvements themselves which were causing the increased production rates, but rather the fact that the staff felt that management were taking notice of them and were concerned for their welfare.

A

Hawthorne effect.

33
Q

communication can be:

A
  • Verbal/spoken
  • Written/textual
  • Non-verbal
  • Graphic
  • Symbolic
  • Body language
33
Q

We are communicating almost constantly, whether consciously or otherwise. An aircraft ground handling staff might regularly communicate:

A
  • Information
  • Ideas
  • Feelings
  • Attitudes and beliefs
33
Q

In order to have communication both the transmitter and the receiver must ___ so that the meaning or information contained in the message may be interpreted without error

A

share a common code

34
Q

Generally speaking, verbal and written communication are purposeful. For a spoken or written message to be understood, the sender has to make sure that the receiver:

A
  • Is using the same channel of communication
  • Recognizes and understands their language
  • Is able to make sense of the message’s meaning
35
Q

The ___ of communication is the medium used to convey the message.

A

channel

36
Q

two main ways in which communication can cause problems.

A

lack of communication and poor communication

36
Q

Factors of Physical Environment

A

noise, fumes, illumination, climate and temperature, motion and vibration and Confined Spaces

36
Q

exposure in excess of __ without ear protection even for a short duration is not recommended. This equates to standing within a few hundred meters of a moving jet aircraft.

A

115 dB

36
Q

It was noted that the ear is sensitive to sounds between certain frequencies (___) and that intensity of sound is measured in decibels (dB)

A

(20 Hz to 20 KHz)

37
Q

Noise is defined as any unwanted sound. There are two important aspects of noise which must be considered:

A
  • the sources of noise,
  • physiological and psychological effects on the person exposed to it.
38
Q

Fumes can cause problems for the staff mainly as a result of ___ but they can also cause other problems, such as eye irritation.

A

inhalation

38
Q

refers to the lighting both within the general working environment and also in the locality of the technician and the task they are carrying out. It can be defined as the amount of light striking a surface.

A

Illumination

39
Q

that the flashlight batteries will run down when the technician is across the airfield and away from the supplies. It is much wiser to carry a spare set of batter- ies than “take a chance” by attempting a job without enough light.

A

Murphy’s Law

40
Q

is an important aspect of the quality of the illuminated environment. It can be caused by bright light sources or light reflection off environmental surfaces

A

Glare

41
Q

one of the most common environmental stressors

A

Temperature extremes

42
Q

The excess heat is transferred to the environment, primarily by ___

A

perspiration and sweating

43
Q

The success of body temperature regulation depends on various factors:

A

ambient temperature, humidity, and air velocity

44
Q

It has recently been indicated that degradation appears when ambient temperature ____

A

exceeds 30 degrees C and exposure exceeds three hours

45
Q

Temporary amnesia can develop at ___ and cardiac irregularities and probably unconsciousness will occur___

A

34 degrees C - between 32 and 30 degrees C

46
Q

Vibration between ___ is most problematic, as the human body absorbs most of the vibratory energy in this range.

A

0.5 Hz to 20 Hz

47
Q

The range between 50-150 Hz is most troublesome for the hand and is associated with ____

A

Vibratory Induced White Finger Syndrome (VWF)

48
Q

any form of motion that changes its magnitude of displacement periodically with reference to a point, and it is a widespread physical phenomenon.

A

Vibration

2ND SEM (13 decks)

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