Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biochem > Midterms_Cells > Flashcards

Midterms_Cells Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Can be stablished from root tips taken from many plants.

A

Root cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

complex convoluted membrane system

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mixtures of terpenoids and used as flavors, fragrances and solvents

A

Essential oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three (3) Environmental requirements for bacteria

A

Gaseous Environment. pH and Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common agents used for biochemical processes

A

Microbial Cells (such as bacteria and fungi) & Enzymes (from a bacteria and fungi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clear, semi fluid materials containing other cell components

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outer surface of the cell wall is covered with a slimy, gummy coating called

A

capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nutritional Requirements of Animal Cells

A

Carbon source (Glucose), Nitrogen Source (Amino Acids), Vitamins, Hormones, Growth factors, and mineral salts, and mammalian blood serum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why cultivate plant cells?

A

for the production of secondary metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

[microbial nomenclature] small rods

A

bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Established from embryos removed from sterilize sees, ovules, fruits.

A

Embryo culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

They are free living, and have simpler morphology than molds and exist as single cells with 5 to 80 um length and from 1 to 5 um width.

A

Yeasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The tissue or outgrowth form the primary explant is mechanically and/or enzymatically dispersed and cultured either later attached to a solid support or a suspended in a culture medium

A

Cell culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Typically eucaryotic cells, usually bound together by intracellular material to form tissue.

A

Animal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

membrane bound organelles responsible for osmotic regulation and waste-product storage

A

Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the nutritional requirements for bacteria?

A

Energy source, carbon source, nitrogen source, P and S source, metallic elements and Vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Growth of protoplasts in solid or liquid medium; applied to micropropagation of plant: after protoplast divisions

A

Protoplast cells culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acts as selective barrier between the cell interior and external environment.

A

Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Organized plant parts are transferred to culture medium where growth continues with the structure preserved.

A

Organized Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Examples of unorganized growth

A

Callus culture, plant cell suspension culture, protoplast culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cells which survive and multiply when a piece of animal tissue after disruption is placed in an appropriate nutrient liquid.

A

Primary Cell Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crystalline, physiologically active nitrogen-containing compounds extracted from acidic solutions and used in pharmaceutical industry.

A

Alkaloids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bacteria in microbial insecticide

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The three-dimensional shape and biochemical differentiation of the tissue is retained, in part, by culturing at the liquid-gas interface (on a raft, grid or gel)

A

Organ Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Examples of organized growth
Root cultures, embryo cultures
26
Yeasts in the production of single cell proteins
Candida utilis
27
Organisms which obtain the energy for their activities and self-synthesis from the chemical reaction that can occur in the dark.
Chemotrophs
28
Molds in production of cephalosporin
Cephalosporium acremonium
29
responsible for secretion of proteins and site for glycosylation in some biomolecules.
Golgi bodies
30
Membrane bound particles that contain and release digestive enzymes
Lysosome
31
Initiating Cell Cultivation (3) includes:
Organ culture, primary explant culture and cell culture.
32
Cell or cell aggregate, growing dispersed in liquid medium
Suspension cell culture
33
survive temp bet. 40 to 75 C
thermophilic
34
Organisms that can thrive on an entirely inorganic diet using CO2 or carbonates as the sole source of carbon.
Autotrophs
35
survive only in a non-oxygen environment
anaerobic
36
survive both in the presence or absence of oxygen
facultative
37
Yeast in the production of ethanol
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
38
Tissues lacks any recognizable structures of the original intact plant; occurs frequently when whole pieces of plants are cultivates in vitro
Unorganized growth
39
Dormant form of the cell, capable of resisting heat, radiation and poisonous chemicals. It is a form of survival mechanism of some bacteria when conditions are not conducive for growth.
Spores
40
Relatively small microorganism usually enclosed by rigid walls.
Bacteria
41
Organisms which are capable of employing radiant energy.
Phototrophs
42
[True or False]: Plant cells are more fragile than microbial cells.
True
43
Microbial cells small in size (0.5- 3 um) Simple structure No defined nuclear membrane Easier to replicate
Procaryotic
44
survive temp bet 7 to 45 C
mesophilic
45
Organisms which require one or more organic substances such as glucose
Heterotrophs
46
Cells which survive and multiply when a piece of animal tissue after disruption is placed in an appropriate nutrient liquid.
Primary Cell Lines
47
[True or False]: Animal cells are complex than microbial cells
True
48
survive only in presence of oxygen
aerobic
49
spherical or avoid shaped rod shaped
cocci bacilli
50
Bacteria in exopolysaccharides (SPECIFIC PRODUCT: Xanthan Gum)
Xanthomonas campestris
51
[True or False]: Microbial cells tend to grow in clumps causing problems during operation.
False. Plant cells
52
protects the integrity of cell from its external surroundings
Cell Wall
53
Long, thin, "wavy" tubular structures that arise within the membrane and pass through cell wall
Flagella
54
similar to flagella except they are short and generally appear straight
Pili/Fimbrae
55
True or false: All algaes are eucaryotes
False. Blue-Green Algae is procaryotes
56
This type of culture lacks structural organization
Cell Culture
57
[microbial nomenclature] small milk rods
Lactobacillus
58
Bacteria in enzymes (SPECIFIC PRODUCT: Proteases)
Bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquifaciens
59
What is the growth rate of animal cells?
Days to weeks
60
The first generation cells that survive after culturing the primary cell lines into a fresh medium.
Secondary cell Lines
61
Can remain alive for many years and can germinate back into normal cells when conditions are growth favorable
spores
62
contains chromosomes (DNA molecules) enclosed in a membrane and complexed by proteins to form the chromosomes
Nucleus
63
They are known spore formers
Bacillus sp. and Clostridium sp.
64
Amorphous cell aggregates, arising from explants on an aseptic solid nutrient medium.
Callus culture
65
survive temperatures between -7 to 35 C
psychrophilic
66
Powerhouse of eukaryotic cells which utilize oxygen during metabolism
Mitochondria
67
A fragment of tissue is place at a solid-liquid interface, where after attachment, cells grow.
Primary Explant culture
68
contains genetic information of the cell and which is not complexed with proteins to form a chromosome
nuclear region
69
Include phenolics, tannins and flavonoids, saponins utilized as dyes, food flavor and pharmaceuticals
Glycosides
70
Embedded in the rough ER
Ribosomes
71
sugar addition
Glycosylation
72
Usually categorized as whole-cell mediated process or enzyme catalyzed reaction.
Biotechnological Reactions
73
Biological agents that have limited applicability
Plant Cells (production of secondary metabolites) and Animal Cells (production of injectable polio vaccine)
74
Yeasts are reproduce by ___ or fission
budding
75
Bacteria in antibiotics (SPECIFIC PRODUCT: Gramicidin)
Bacillus brevis
76
Have simpler and faster metabolism
Microbial Cells
77
Long thin filaments in molds are called ____ and the highly branched structure is called _____
hyphae, mycelium
78
survives in minute amounts of oxygen
microaerophilic
79
structure inside the nucleus which stains differently and the site of ribosome synthesis
Nucleolus
80
Molds in production of penicillin
Penicillum chrysogenum
81
[True or False]: Plant cell cultivation provides an economic advantage only if the target product is of low value and high market volume
False. High value and low market volume
82
Bacteria in industrial chemicals (SPECIFIC PRODUCTS: Acetone, butanol)
Clostridium acetobutylicum
83
spiral or helical shaped
spirilla
84
Grainy spots in cytoplasm containing RNA molecules and site for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
85
Secondary cells which survive and grow after successive "passages"
Stable/Established/Permanent Cell Line
86
Filamentuos fungi
molds

Biochem (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions