Midterms_Review of Microbiology and Biochemistry Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
The most abundant biomolecules on earth
A
Carbohydrates
2
Q
Certain carbohydrates such _____ and _____ are a dietary staple in most parts of the world.
A
Sugar and starch
3
Q
What are examples of transport proteins?
A
Hemoglobin, serum albumin
4
Q
Can self replicate, makes up genes (codes for proteins) and an be passed from one genration to another.
A
DNA
5
Q
Is trypsin enzyme?
A
Yes. Hydrolyzes some peptides
6
Q
In 1953, _____ and _____ deduced that the DNA molecule consists of two polynucleotide chains coiled into a double helix.
A
James Watson and Francis Crick
7
Q
Zwitterion (German for “_____”)
A
Hybrid Ion
8
Q
Enzymes that hydrolyzes some peptides
A
Trypsin
9
Q
Milk protein
A
Casein
10
Q
A structure component of plant cell walls and most abundant organic compound on earth
A
Cellulose
11
Q
Proteins for ligaments
A
Elastin
12
Q
No double bond
A
saturated fatty acid
13
Q
Functions in actual synthesis of proteins coded for DNA and is made from the DNA template molecule.
A
RNA
14
Q
Stores genetic information and a double stranded molecule
A
DNA
15
Q
Hexose sugars are
A
(AGGGAMIT) Allose, Glucose, Galactose, Gullose, Altrose. Mannose, Idose, Tallose
16
Q
composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and phosphate group
A
Phospholipids
17
Q
It is fibrous, and tough carbohydrates found in stalks, stems, trunks and all the woody portions of the plant body.
A
Cellulose
18
Q
Amino acid are optically active; they possess more than one asymmetric carbon and occur in two isomeric forms. (True or False)
A
False, atleast one asymmetric carbon
19
Q
Long term energy storage
A
Lipids
20
Q
key component in cell membrane
A
Phospholipids
21
Q
mRNA consist of _______ nucleotide residues
A
75 - 3000
22
Q
Serving as molecular “tags” to allow recognition of specific cells and molecules.
A
Carbohydrates
23
Q
_____ of carbohydrates is the central energy-yielding pathway in most nonphotosynthetic cells.
A
Oxidation
24
Q
Produced by all green plants as energy storage
A
Starch
25
Cellulose is consists of long chains of glucose molecules joined together by _____ and hydrolyzed by the enzyme, _________
B(1-4) glycosidic bonds, cellulase
26
Monosaccharides are
Glucose, galactose, fructose
27
What enzyme oxidizes alcohols to aldehydes?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
28
Cellulose molecule is a linear, branched, homopolysaccharide, consisting of 10000 to 15000 D-glucose units. (True or False)
False. unbranched
29
Function as a main structural component of membranes, where they arrange in bilayers
Phospholipids
30
5 Macrominerals
Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, salt
31
______ serve as structural and protective elements in the cell walls of bacteria an plants and in the connective tissues of animals.
Insoluble carbohydrates polymers
32
Reads and implements the genetic information
RNA
33
Protection against water loss
Lipids
34
Disaccharide that has two glucose
Maltose, Centiobiose, Cellobiose
35
Amino acid sequence joined through peptide bonds
Primary
36
Regulates glucose metabolism
Insulin
37
Information biopolymers that contain the cell's hereditary information
Nucleic Acids
38
Major storage form of glucose in the body
glycogen
39
chemically diverse group of compounds, the common and defining feature of which is their insolubility in water
Biological lipids
40
Pentose sugars
Ribose
41
Manner of extension of polymer chains, due largely to hydrogen bonding between residues not widely separated along chain
Secondary
42
Principal component of the hard exoskeletons of nearly a million species of anthropods
Chitin
43
Class hemoproteins has prosthetic group called __
Heme
44
Storing short term energy
Carbohydrate
45
Esters of fatty acid and glycerol
Fats
46
These compounds are diverse in both chemical structure and biological function
Lipid
47
found in cell's cytoplasm and translate the genetic code at the ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
48
Biological compounds which are hydrophobic, insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvent such as benzene, ether or chloroform.
Lipids
49
Major component of membranes (phospholipids)
Lipids
50
It can be acid or can be base
Zwitterion
51
Disaccharide that has glucose and galactose
Lactose
52
4-fat soluble vitamins
A: Retinoid, D: Calciferol, E:Tocopherol, K:Menadione
53
Proteins for cell walls and coats
Glycoproteins
54
GLN
Glutamine
55
Polysaccharides stored in animals as
Glycogen
56
A linear homopolysaccharide similar to cellulose
Chitin
57
Organic compounds made of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.
Proteins
58
Examples of oligosaccharides
raffinose and stachyose
59
Polymers of glucose and other monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
60
Prosthetic group of glycoproteins
carbohydrates
61
Disaccharide that has galactose and fructose
Melibiulose
62
ILU
Isoleucine
63
Folding, bending of polymer chain, induced by hydrogen, salt and covalent disulfide bonds, as well as hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.
Tertiary
64
______ consist of short chains of monosaccharide units or residues joined by characteristic linkages called ____
Oligosaccharides and glycosidic bonds
65
Enzymes that catalyzes RNA synthesis
RNA polymerase
66
It can be acid or can be base
Zwitterion
67
Most common fatty acids in myelin
Oleic acids
68
functions as biological fuel storage
Fats
69
Amino acids are amphoteric or ampholyte molecules since they contain ____ and _____functional group
Basic (amino acid) and Acidic (carboxyl group)
70
Triose sugar
Glyceraldehyde
71
Second most abundant polysaccharide
Chitin
72
Examples are glycoproteins, collagen, keratin
structural proteins
73
Disaccharide that has glucose and fructose
Sucrose
74
Composed of two polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin
Starch
75
Most abundant biomolecule of a cell, about 30% to 70% of the dry weight of the cell.
Proteins
76
Monosaccharides are written as ______ and the cyclic _____
D and L Fischer projections and Haworth structures
77
reads the message of the mRNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
78
are sugar polymers containing more than 20 or so monosaccharide units and some have hundred or thousands of units.
Polysaccharides
79
protective sheath that covers communicating neurons composed of 30% protein and 70% fat.
Myelin
80
Egg-white protein
Ovalbumin
81
PHE
Phenylalanine
82
Found in plants as amylose, amylopectin and cellulose
Polysaccharides
83
What is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty Acids and glycerol
84
TYR
Tyrosine
85
Component of blood clotting mechanism
Thrombin
86
Typically contains a large number of acetyl groups
Hemicellulose
87
Transport O2 in muscles
Myoglobin
88
Short branched ploymers of pentoses (xylose and arabinose) and some hexoses (glucose, galactose, mannose) linked by 1,3-, 1,6- and 1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Hemicellulose
89
Prosthetic group of class lipoproteins
Lipids
90
Lipids are mostly composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids (True or false).
True
91
Contain 75-90 nucleotide residues
tRNA
92
providing structural building materials
carbohydrates
93
Protection against heat loss
Lipids
94
Subunits of nucleic acids
5 Carbon sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous bases
95
When it dissolves in water, it exists in solution as the dipolar ion
Zwitterion
96
Carbohydrates: (CH2O)n, n>/=2 (True or False)
False. 3
97
Form complexes with foreign molecules
Antibodies
98
Protection against water loss
Lipids
99
Chemical messengers in a form of hormones
Lipids
100
Major structural elements of biological membranes
Phospholipids and sterols
101
Induce virus resistance
Interferons
102
Consist of a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit
Monosaccharide
103
Aka simple sugars
Monosaccharide
104
ASP
Aspartic Acid
105
Stimulates growth and lactation
Bovine growth hormone
106
are those permanently associated chemical components in addition to amino acids.
Conjugated proteins
107
Transport lactose across cell membrane
Lactose permease
108
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
(HILLMPTTV) - Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
109
Contains 100-3100 nucleotides residues
Ribosomal RNA
110
Principal stored forms of energy in many organisms
Fats and Oils
111
formed in the nucleus and is complementary to a base sequence from DNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
112
Protection against physical shock
Lipids
113
Class flavoproteins has prosthetic group called__
Flavin nucleotides
114
Th non-amino acid part of a conjugated protein is called
prosthetic group
115
Transport O2 in blood
Hemoglobin
116
A polyphenolic material of irregular composition. It has no primary structure which makes it resistant to chemical and enzymatic attack.
Lignin
117
Has similarity with fats, except that phosphoric acid replaces a fatty acid in one end of the glycerol molecule
Phosphoglycerides
118
What are the macromolecules?
Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
119
Examples are enzymes
Catalytic Proteins
120
serve as precursors for building many polymers
carbohydrates
121
What are the protective proteins?
antibodies, thrombin
122
Fatty acid esters of glycerol
Oil
123
They cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
124
What are the regulatory proteins?
hormones (insulin)
125
How different polypeptide chains fit together, structure stabilized by same forces as tertiary structure.
Quaternary
126
Seed protein of corn
Zein
127
Is polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units
Starch
128
Most abundant fatty acid in human milk and in our diet
Oleic acid
129
proteins for cartilage and tendons
Collagen
130
TRP
Tryptophan
131
9 water soluble vitamins
B1: Thiamine, B2:Riboflavin, B3:Niacine, B5:Pantothenic Acid, B6: Pyrodixone, B9: Folic Acid, B12: Cobalamin, H:Biotin, C:Ascorbic Acid
132
Every ___ has an isoelectric point (pI) which is a specific pH value at which it exhibits no net charge.
Amino acid
