Migration

Question 1

Wellman

Answer 1

State/citizen have moral right for freedom of association > not against open borders, just FOR state autonomy
> Against Carens: luck inequality is less significant than freedom of association
> Relgious/marriage association as examples
Golf club example > still applied to state because immigration policy can affect everyone/their future
> Can export justice as an alternative to open borders
(even in cases of refugees)

Question 2

Fine

Answer 2

Against Wellman’s argument of protecting rights of freedom of association
> No need to associate in modern states
> Exporting justice doesn’t tackle immigration factors like familial/social/cultural ties
> Not devastating to be excluded from a golf club
> freedom of association = weak argument, may harm immigrants > morally unjust
> Can question the legitimacy of state territories in the first place

Question 3

Pevnik

Answer 3

In favour of associative ownership > rights to political institutions through collective ownership developed over history by tax payers/cooperation/labour (Rawl’s theory)
>Against…
Statism - (wealthy/skilled immigrants more likely to be accepted) collective ownership explains there are limits to use of public institutions > but not explicit to citizens
Open borders - (Carens) good reasons for allowing refugees but not enough to explain why borders should be entirely scrapped
Liberal nationalism (Public redistributive institutions rest on a shared cultural identity) - This overly favours immigrants of a certain kind > better to think in terms of collective ownership & think more in terms of contributions

Question 4

Espejo

Answer 4

Taking place seriously - its situs theory
> Thinking about place specific duties and rights (Living without conflict, being a good neighbour) > following political order
> One needs space specific rights to comply with space specific duties
> Postville, Iowa, 2008 - 400 illegal immigrants deported
> These place specific rights/duties keep society functioning > more about just being there rather than adding/ being part of the community
> makes ethics of immigration more than about citizenship

Question 5

Oberman

Answer 5

When is it ok to restrict immigration on the ground of the Brain Drain?

• owes assistance/training repayment
• duty of care/unreasonably high cost of staying
• no alternative for poor compatriots to receive assistance they are owed
• If the rich state has fulfilled duty of assistance for global poor

> can be an issue to view skilled migrants in this way > individuals with goals (apply Carens)> shouldn’t look only at the consequences
less costly for someone for a rich country to go over > change volunteering mentality?
Zambian nurse wage doesn’t cover food for family
Zambia has 12 million people but only 646 doctors, life expectancy of 40 yrs

Question 6

Carens

Answer 6

“Citizenship in western democracies is the modern equivalent of feudal privilege”

> freedom of movement is a liberty as it respects basic human moral freedoms/rights such as .. own projects, choices, equality of opportunity
Also, reduced political/social/economic inequalities which remain fundamental to our current system
longer you stay the more morally due you are citizenship rights > even irregular migrants

Question 7

Walzer

Answer 7

‘Ethnic, cultural or national groups have a right to limit immigration in order to preserve their DISTINCT CHARACTERS’

Question 8

Miller

Answer 8

• people have interest in controlling a shared public culture
• ‘they want to be able to shape the way that their nation develops, including the values that are contained in the public culture’

Question 9

Kukathas

Answer 9

• David Miller & others (think about liberal nationalism perspective) talk of restricting immigration on the basis of liberal values: weak cosmopolitanism, self determination, fairness and integration
  … Yet stronger immigration controls goes against the two most liberal values of FREEDOM and EQUALITY
• will not be equal as some immigrants more likely to face extra security measures more than others e.g. in America a a number of Americans who looked Mexican were deported
• Some ethnic groups more likely to be stopped than others
• Having to check on the immigration status of friends/coworkers
• “immigration control is control”
  -Restricts ethnicity

Question 10

Crider

Answer 10

• Cultural preservation theorists don’t understand the nature of culture
  Culture is ever-changing: things like the pill/swinging 60s, LGBT movement, Rock n Roll music were all resisted and criticised in a similar tone to immigration > now can see as distinct parts of culture
  Even things like technological advancements : railways connecting different cities affect this
  New media and the biggest cultural changes ever
  Immigration is not the only, nor the biggest cause of cultural change > why not stop all drivers of cultural change?
  Also denies cultural integration