Migration, Identity, Sovereignty EQ1

Question 1

Define Migration

Answer 1

movement of people from one place to another, either in a country or internationally can be permenant or temporary

Question 2

Define Identity

Answer 2

sense of attachment to a place in which they live
can be country, region, city or village

Question 3

Define Sovereignty

Answer 3

control over a country’s own laws + regulations

Question 4

What is the percentage of growth of international migration since 2000?

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

What are the pull factors for rural to urban migration in China?

Answer 5

better jobs
better pay
better education
rising labour demand
more developed
consistent opportunities

Question 6

What are the push factors for rural to urban migration in China?

Answer 6

lack of income
lack of resources
lack of access to services

Question 7

What is the Hukou system?

Answer 7

it is a household registration system to restrict internal migration

Question 8

What are the issues of the Hukou system?

Answer 8

hard to change official residence to new location
need a permit to be registered- expensive
without permit workers earn less and have no entitlement to services, causing illegal settlements
causes women and children to remain in rural areas
pressure on transport system during public holiday

Question 9

What is the Schengen Zone?

Answer 9

In 1995, international borders within most EU countries were removed and allowed for the free movement of people and goods within the EU

Question 10

How many members are there for the Schengen agreement?

Answer 10

26
22 EU members, 4 non EU states
( Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, Liechtenstein)

Question 11

What are the benefits of the Schengen Agreement?

Answer 11

helped fill job vacancies
14million EU citizens live in another member state

Question 12

What are the benefits of Polish Migration to the UK?

Answer 12

stops ageing population
brings wide range of skills + cheaper
contributes to economic growth- £2.5bill each year
80% migrants 18-35 - combats ageing pop

Question 13

What are the negatives of Polish Migrants to the UK?

Answer 13

tensions between local population + migrants
services under pressure
property prices increasing due to demand increase
money sent out of the country back to Poland-remittance

Question 14

Why are international migrant rates low in Japan?

Answer 14

strict immigration policies
prioritising cultural homogeneity

Question 15

What are some of the problems international migrants face in Japan?

Answer 15

have no legal protection
little language, education and cultural support

Question 16

What is Sweden’s views on international migration?

Answer 16

previously most generous to asylum seekers
recent change due to increase in gang violence

Question 17

What are Sweden’s new views on international migration?

Answer 17

stricter citizen requirements
increased salary thresholds
voluntary reparations ( paying people to return to country of origin)

Question 18

Australia’s policy on international migration?

Answer 18

points based system
prioritises skilled labour
high refugee intake= 20,000 a year
temporary work visas

Question 19

What are the affects of mass migration from Syria in 2015?

Answer 19

-many migrants due to conflicts
-Destinations: Greece + Balkans before travelling to Germany, Sweden + UK
-tensions in EU states in terms of amounts of
hungary built wall to stop migrants
-refugees taken in
contributed to BREXIT

Question 20

How is economic efficiency is maximised?

Answer 20

maximised when goods, capital + labour can freely move across international borders

the Eu free trade, deregulated financial market and open borders creates a strong competitive economy

Question 21

What does free movement of people mean?

Answer 21

people able to move for work ensuring labour demands are met + movement is unrestricted
occurs in almost all countries
benefits country’s economy but have regional negatives such as young people leaving rural areas

Question 22

What are the regional trends of internal migration?

Answer 22

-high rates of internal migration in uk
majority move to neighbouring local authorities
49,220 moved from england to scotland
london has the highest turn over of people

Question 23

What is an ethnic enclave?

Answer 23

clusters of a particular ethnic group living in a distinct community

Question 24

What is ethnic segregation?

Answer 24

voluntary or enforced separation of people into different cultures or nationalities

Question 25

What is assimilation?

Answer 25

integration of an immigrant group into lifestyle + culture of a host country

Question 26

What are the pros of assimilation?

Answer 26

maintains national identity prevents cultural erosion

Question 27

What are the cons of assimilation?

Answer 27

loss of migrants culture

Question 28

What are the factors that could affect rates of assimilation?

Answer 28

Level of education - affects Ability to find a job age-younger migrants will have exposure through school network Language ability Bi-cultural marriages type of migration- voluntary migrants more likely to want to assimulate

Question 29

What problems does Japan have with lack of international migrants?

Answer 29

only welcome skilled workers, intern programmes no long term settlement changed attitude due to ageing pop restrictive policy 2.7% migrants 59% positive public attitude

Question 30

What are the social tensions of migration?

Answer 30

-In some areas, migrant communities cluster, which can lead to segregation and pressure on housing, education, and healthcare in the area. -Example: Bradford riots (2001) linked to racial tensions and segregation between white and South Asian communities. -Fear of loss of British identity or changing cultural norms. -rise in hate crimes fuels distrust between migrants and host country -rise in anti immigrant political parties- fuels hate crimes, makes them feel unwanted, legitimates any anti immigrant views

Question 31

What are the economic tensions of migration?

Answer 31

-Perception that migrants "take jobs" or lower wages. Reality: Migrants often fill skill shortages (e.g. NHS, agriculture).

Question 32

The impacts on the UK + the Windrush?

Answer 32

-a labour shortage after WW2 sparked mass immigration from carribean which tranformed makeup of britain -lots of racism and discrimination signs in pubs that said 'no Irish, no blacks' - nottinghill 1958 white people attacked black residents -white british workers felt threatened

Question 33

floating population-hukou system

Answer 33

-hukou migrant without local residency rights are also called the 'floating population' -These migrants have no access to healthcare, workers' rights etc. in urban areas -240milion as of 2020

Question 34

political tensions of migration

Answer 34

-Rise of anti-immigration parties (e.g. UKIP). -Ongoing debate about controlling borders and limiting immigration post-Brexit between parties.

Question 35

mexico/us migration

Answer 35

-mexican migrants strugle to assimulate-increased tensions -mexican migrants mean Wages are kept low, and all low skilled American workers are affected -Large numbers of Mexicans have brought their culture and food with them making Mexican food very popular in California

Question 36

how did uk gain sovereignty when left EU

Answer 36

By leaving the EU, the UK did regain more control over its domestic laws and borders, particularly concerning areas like immigration, trade policies. however the UK remains bound by a range of international agreements and treaties. For example, the UK is still a member of international bodies like the United Nations, the World Trade Organization (WTO), NATO, and others. These international institutions can influence laws

Question 37

issues with schengzen zone

Answer 37

number of migrants that entered the EU, people may want maintain sovereignty, there is a lack of checks eg. drugs can get through easily

Question 38

reasons for migration

Answer 38

-war -environmental -economic-to meet job demands -increase of migration to germany from syria in 2014-2016 due to open door policy to tackle aging population