Migration Unit 1 Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is migration?
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
How does migration vary spatially and temporally?
> It can be over short distances or long distances
It can be long term or short term
Why do people migrate?
Push and Pull factors
In the Lee’s General Migration Model (1996) what factors are there at the origin (where someone lives)?
There will be a variety of positive, negative and neutral factors
In the Lee’s General Migration Model (1996) what factors are there at the destination (in the location that someone wishes to move)?
There will be a variety of positive, negative and neutral factors
What happens when the positive pull factors from the destination are strong and/or the negative push factors from the origin strong?
A desire to migrate will generated
If there is a strong desire to migrate, whether or not they do will be determined by what?
Whether they can overcome the intervening obstacles that are in the way of them migrating.
What are some examples of intervening obstacles?
Language, travel costs, family pressures, mis-information, military service, illiteracy, bureaucracy, lack of capital, religion, political differences. national policy and immediate job opportunities.
What is voluntary migration?
It is when someone moves due to their own decisions and free will.
What is forced migration?
It is when someone has to move through no fault of their own. Forced migrants are often referred to as refugees. The negative consequences of not moving are really severe.
What are some reasons why voluntary migration would happen?
> unhappy with where they live
move to live with/near family and friends
job opportunities
education prospects - uni
lifestyle - quality of life
What are some reasons why forced migration would happen?
> Persecution - race, religion, sexuality, political opinions
Natural hazards/disasters
War and conflict
Dictator governments - political
What is temporary migration?
It is a movement which has a time limit.
What is permanent migration?
It is when someone moves and has no plans to return to their original home.
What are some examples/reasons of temporary migration?
> education - uni
travelling/holidays/leisure
family reasons/issues
seasonal employment/contracts
What are some examples/reasons of permanent migration?
> forced out/conflict - no desire to return as if they do there will be consequences - no improvement since left
quality of life
retirement to a location
employment - permanent job
persecution
What is national (internal) migration?
This is the movement of a person within the borders of a nation/country
What is international (global) migration?
This is the movement of a person across the borders between nations/countries
What is emigration?
When someone leaves a country
What is immigration?
When someone enters a country
What is the migration balance?
The difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants
How has international (global) migration increased from 2000 to 2015?
The number of international migrants worldwide has grown rapidly from 173 million in 2000 to 222 million in 2010 and to 244 million in 2015.
What is causing the numbers of international migrants to increase?
> travel technology increasing - transport systems + increased accessibility
growth of communication infrastructure/technology - easier to find job opportunities and routes
increased population - more people available to move
more extreme weather events - more forced migrants
more conflict - more forced migrants
globalisation - countries are more connected than ever before
What are the top countries for immigration from 2005 to 2010 and their source countries?
> USA - Mexico
UAE - Bangladesh, Pakistan
Spain - Morocco
UK - India, Pakistan
Italy - USA, Philippines