milgram study ao1 ao3

Question 1

Milgrams aim

Answer 1

• wanted to see if ordinary people would obey horrific orders from an authority figure
• because of horrific actions from holocaust

Question 2

milligrams procedure

Answer 2

-40 males aged 20-50
-recruited through newspaper advert, thought it was abt memory
-naive pps - teacher
- conf - learner
-naive- instructed by experimenter in white lab coat to give what they thought was genuine electric shocks of increasing voltage from 15-450v to learner for every wrong answer they gave
-learner would bang on walls and scream to show his distress, when pps would try to leave, given series of verbal prods, by experimenter to continue with study

Question 3

milgrams findings

Answer 3

100% of pps gave shocks up to 300v

60% of pps continued to highest (450v)

qualitivatve data collected, showed that ppts demonstrated tension e.g nail biting, sweating and uncontrollable seizures

Question 4

milgrams conclusion

Answer 4

normal ppl able to do horrific acts, by obeying instructions from authority figure

Question 5

strength , nurse

Answer 5

p- real world research support
e- hofling et al , did field study , 22 real nurses, each nurse given call from unfamiliar doctor who told them to give 20mg of a fake drug called astroten , the bottle clearly said max is 10mg
e- 21 out of 22 nurses obeyed order, even tho broke hospital rules
l- supports milgram , ordinary ppl = carry out harmful actions when instructed by authority figure.

Question 6

limitation , lacked internal validity

Answer 6

p- lacked internal validity
e- didnt accurately measure what it wanted to, some psychs say ppts didnt really believe shocks were real , and were just acting in line with what they thought experimenter wanted
e- similar to zimbardos study , where ppts were performing roles rather than behaving naturally
l- if ppts weren’t convinced that study was real , finding aren’t valid

Question 7

limitation , unethical

Answer 7

p- unethical
e- decevived abt true purpose of study, made to believe they were real electric shocks
e- + caused bare psychological distress, showing visible signs of anxiety stress etc, + right to withdraw = not clear , as used verbal prods to get them to stay
l= can’t be ethically replicated today = limits generalisability and validity