Minerals

Question 1

What is a mineral?

Answer 1

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms

Question 2

What are the 5 characteristics of minerals?

Answer 2

Naturally occurring - Definite Chemical Composition - Crystalline Form - Solid - Inorganic

Question 3

What is a solid?

Answer 3

A solid has a definite shape and volume

Question 4

What are native elements?

Answer 4

A native element is made up of only one element.

Question 5

What determines the size of a crystal?

Answer 5

The pressure and the temperature from which it forms.

Question 6

How does a large crystal form?

Answer 6

A large crystal forms when magma crystallizes slowly. Ex. Andesite

Question 7

How does a medium size crystal form?

Answer 7

A medium-sized crystal forms when magma closer to the surface cools faster.

Question 8

How does a small crystal form?

Answer 8

A small crystal forms when lava cools quickly near/on the earth’s surface.

Question 9

How do minerals form?

Answer 9

Hot solutions - Cold solutions - Dry conditions - Not so dry conditions.

Question 10

How can you identify different minerals?

Answer 10

Streak - Color - Luster - Density - Hardness.

Question 11

What are the special properties?

Answer 11

Texture - Reaction with acid - Fluoresence - Magnetic - Odor.

Question 12

Halite

Answer 12

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Salt (food additive) melts ice (uses) - Salty & reacts w/ acid (properties).

Question 13

Calcite

Answer 13

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Cement, Polarizing Prisms (uses) - bubbles w/ acid (properties).

Question 14

Talc

Answer 14

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Talcum powder, soapstone, Baby powder (uses) - not acidic, soapy, greasy (properties).

Question 15

Pyrite (Fools gold)

Answer 15

Metallic (Luster) - Fracture - ore of sulfur (uses) - not acidic, looks like gold (properties).

Question 16

Biotite Mica

Answer 16

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Electrical insulator (uses) - perfect 1-dimensional cleavage (properties).

Question 17

Magmatite

Answer 17

Metallic (Luster) - Fracture - ore of iron (uses) - magnetic, does not react to acid (properties).

Question 18

Fluorite

Answer 18

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - hydrofluoric acid, painting pigments (uses) - cleavage in 4 distinct directions (properties).

Question 19

Quartz

Answer 19

Non-metallic (Luster) - Fracture - Jewelry, electronics (uses) - hexagonal, does not react w/ acid (properties).

Question 20

What is an ore?

Answer 20

An ore is a source from which valuable matter is extracted and usually sold for profit.

Question 21

Hardest mineral? Softest mineral?

Answer 21

Hardest: diamond
Softest: Talc

Question 22

Mohs scale for fingernail, glass, streak

Answer 22

Fingernail - 2.5
Glass - 5.5
Streak plate -7

Question 23

Ruby

Answer 23

Corundum - 9

Question 24

Emerald

Answer 24

Beryl - 7.5

Question 25

Sapphire

Answer 25

Corundum - 9

Question 26

Diamond

Answer 26

10

Question 27

Peridot

Answer 27

Olivine - 6.5

Question 28

Amethyst

Answer 28

Quartz - 7

Question 29

Mohs scale

Answer 29

Talc 1 - Gypsum 2 - Fingernail 2.5 - Calcite 3 - Penny 3.5 - Fluorite 4 - Iron nail 4.5 - Apatite 5 - Glass/Porcelain 5.5 - Feldspar 6 - Steel file 6.5 - Quartz, Streak Plate 7 - Topaz 8 - Corundum 9 - Diamond 10.

Question 30

Magma vs lava

Answer 30

Although both magma and lava are molten rock lava erupts onto the earth's surface while magma is underground.

Question 31

2 main families of rock-forming rocks?

Answer 31

Silicates and Nonsilicates

Question 32

Silicates

Answer 32

The most abundant mineral group. The minerals have silicon and oxygen in them. Ex. Quartz, Feldspar, and Olivine.

Question 33

Nonsilicates

Answer 33

Do not contain silicon. Ex. Calcite, Halite. Makes up only about 5% of the earth's crust.

Question 34

What are the sources and uses of minerals?

Answer 34

Metallic, Nonmetallic, and Rare minerals.

Question 35

Metallic minerals resources

Answer 35

Ores of the elements iron and aluminum are among the most common/abundant metallic mineral resources used every day. Iron is the main ingredient of steel, and steel is used to construct buildings, cars, bridges, etc.

Question 36

Rare Metal resources

Answer 36

Gold - occurs in a ratio of 1 part gold to 4 parts. Gold is used to make jewelry and conduct electricity.

Question 37

Nonmetallic Mineral resources

Answer 37

Raw materials used for road construction, ceramic products, building stone, & fertilizers. Ex. Sand - commonly made up of the mineral quartz.