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NUTRITION FINAL > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Water in the body

A

is the most important nutrient for life

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2
Q

what makes up what percentage of body weight?

A

60%

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3
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

2/3 of the water in the body; fluid inside the cells

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4
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

1/3 of the water in the body; fluid outside of the cell

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5
Q

intersitial fluid

A

fluid that surrounds the outside of the cell and DOES NOT circulate

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6
Q

plasma

A

fluid part of blood & lymph - contains NO cells

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7
Q

solutes

A

dissolved substances such as protein

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8
Q

osmosis

A

the unassisted diffusion of water across the cell membrane

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9
Q

blood pressure

A

will also move water - amount of force exerted the blood against the walls of the arteries

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10
Q

how do we obtain water?

A

primarily through digestion

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11
Q

water loss

A

excretion in urine and feces - evaporation from from the skin and lungs

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12
Q

Exception

A

vomiting and diarrhea

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13
Q

dehydration

A

major cause of death in children in developing countries

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14
Q

hypothalamus

A

initiates thirst impulses

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15
Q

kidneys

A

recognize when the blood is too concetrates and it secretes hormones aldosterone

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16
Q

being thirsty is one of the first signs of

A

dehydration

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17
Q

water acts as a lubricant for

A

eyes and tissue and organs

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18
Q

water provides cushioning and acts as a shock absorber

A

joints
eyes
spinal
fetus in the mothers womb

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19
Q

water prevents and alleviates constipation

A

aids in moving food through the GI tract

soften fecal matter

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20
Q

water effects temperature regulation

A

perspiration

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21
Q

dehydration

A

state that occurs when there is not enough water is present to meet the body needs

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22
Q

water intoxication

A

water intakes is greater than water loss

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23
Q

hyponatremia

A

abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood

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24
Q

the amount of water needed depends on

A

activity

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25
caffeinated beverages
increase water loss - act as a diuretic
26
Minerals
is an element needed by the body to maintain structure and regulate chemical reactions
27
Major Minerals
sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur
28
Trace Minerals
iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, chromium, fluoride, magnese, molybdenum
29
how to obtain minerals
from both plant and animals sources
30
mineral loss through
- cooking food - removing skins of fruits and vegetables - removal of bran and germ from whole grains
31
minerals in our food
can be foritifed
32
Mineral Bioavailability
the extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient
33
Phytates
found in whole grains, bran and soy products
34
tannins
found in tea and grains - can hinder the absorption of iron
35
oxalates
found in spinach, beet greens, and chocolate | - interfere with the absorption of fiber
36
can a mineral interfere with the absorption of another mineral?
YES
37
Ions
an atom that carries a positive charge
38
electrolyte
are positively or negatively chaged ions that conducts as electrical current
39
sodium
most abundant positively charged extracellular ion
40
potassium
positively charged intracellular ion
41
chloride
principle negatively charged extracellular ions
42
electrolytes help regulate fluid balance
concentration of electrolytes determine their distribution
43
electrolytes are essential for generating and conducting of nerve impulses
Na and K ions can't move freely across the membrane
44
what regulate electrolyte balance?
the kidnye
45
sodium
helps maintain fluid balance, acid base balance, is needed for much contractions and nerve transmissions
46
sodium chloride
positive ion compund
47
depletion of electrolytes is caused by
heavy sweating chronic diarrhea kidney disorders
48
occurence
endurance athletes are susceptible to developing hyponatremia
49
potassium
main positively charger ion of intracellular fluid
50
functions of potassium
maintain the integrity of the cell needed for fluid balance needed for nerve transmission needed for the contraction of muscle including the heart
51
there is a concern with potassium because it is a __________ with certain medication
diuretic
52
low intakes of potassium
raise blood pressure | accelerate calcium losses from the bone
53
benefits of high potassium
could present and correct hypertension
54
chloride
it plays important roles as major negatively charged ion in the body
55
functions
helps maintain fluid / electrolyte balance and acid/base balance
56
calcium roles
serves as a structural component
57
it serves as a "bank" that can release calcium if blood calcium concentration levels drop
calcium
58
is calcium the most abundant mineral in the body?
YES
59
99% of calcium is found where?
bones and teeth
60
ages for peak bone mass
16 -30
61
parathyroid hormone
causes calcium to be released from bones triggers the kideys to pull some calcium out of the urine aids in the absorption from the small intestines
62
calcitonin
(made in thyroid gland) secreted when blood calcium is TOO HIGH stops bones from releasing calcium signals kidneys to excrete some of the excess in urine
63
osteoporosis
bone disorder characterized by reduced bone mass
64
risk factors for developing osteoporosis
gender, advanced age, decreased estrogen or testosterone, genetics, poor calcium & vitamin D intakes
65
best to obtain calcium from....
food sources
66
phosphorus
2nd most abundant mineral in the body
67
85% of the body's phosphorus
is combined with calcium in bones and teeth
68
phosphorus is a component of
DNA & RNA and phospholipids
69
phosphorus assists many enzymes & vitamins in ....
extracting energy from energy yeilding nutrients
70
magnesium
barely qualifies as a major mineral
71
50-60% of the boydy's magnesium is found in the
bones
72
along with Ca, P, and F, Mg is needed for
mineralization of bone
73
low intakes of magnesium
associated with a risk of developing osteoporosis
74
high intakes of magnesium
associated with lower blood pressure and decreased risk of developing heart disease
75
magnesium absorption is enhanced by
active Vitamin D
76
sulfur is a component of two vitamins
thiamin and biotin
77
sulfur helps with
acid/base balance

NUTRITION FINAL (6 decks)

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