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Nutrition Support Certification Exam 2013 > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Of all body tissues, which is least hydrated

A

adipose

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2
Q

The most clinically important fluid compartment is

A

extracellular (ECF)=intravascular/interstitial spaces

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3
Q

What is the dominant extracellular osmole that acts to hold water in the ECF

A

Sodium

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4
Q

Regulates cell volume

A

Na, K, ATPase

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5
Q

Plasma oncotic and hydrostatis pressures that govern the movement of fluid between plasma and ICF

A

Starling forces

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6
Q

Normal plasma osmolality

A

275-290 mOsm/kg

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7
Q

This regulates water balance

A

thirst sensation and control of water excretion by ADH

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8
Q

Regulate ECF volume & water distribution in the body

A

Sodium

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9
Q

Average Sodium intake in diet/day

A

2.3-5.7 grams

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10
Q

Sodium loss occurs primarily through

A

urine

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11
Q

High Body Fluid of Sodium in these organs

A

duodenum, ileum, pancreas, bile (140)

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12
Q

High content K+ in these body fluids

A

saliva, colon

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13
Q

Minimum amt Sodium (without sweating/healthy)

A

8 mEq/day

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14
Q

Adequate intake for young adults

A

65 mEq/day

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15
Q

Sodium correction should not exceed

A

5-10 mEq/kg/day

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16
Q

Normal Saline (.9%) Sodium content

A

154 mg Na/154 mg Cl

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17
Q

LR Sodium content

A

130 mg Na/109 Cl, 4K, 3Ca

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18
Q

Bicarb from what body fluid

A

pancreatic

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19
Q

Macromineral inside of the cells that plays a role in cell metabolism incl pro/glycogen synthesis

A

Potassium

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20
Q

Stool losses of potassium in what condition

A

chronic renal insufficiency

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21
Q

Average Intake Potassium Adults

A

120 mEq/day

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22
Q

Low K+ levels (below 3) can cause this GI s/s

A

constipation

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23
Q

Metabolic acidosis can cause

A

hypokalemia/hyperkalemia

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24
Q

IV K+ repletion not to exceed

25
Meds that increase renal K+ losses
ampho-B, Diuretics, steroids, penicillins
26
Tissue catabolism
Hyperkalemia
27
What Macromineral infused to aid hyperglycemia
IV Calcium gluconate
28
Also aid Hyperkalemia
insulin +dextrose,Na Bicarb, albuterol, lasix, HD
29
Mineral found ICF
Magnesium (50% in bone), cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver
30
Enzyme reactions governed by this mineral
Magnesium
31
Mag absorbed
distal jejunum/ileum
32
Mag in PN
8-20 mEq/day
33
Hypomagnesium refractory to treatment if these lytes are abnormal
Low K & Ca
34
Diseases cause low Mag
P-C Malnutrition, Mag free IVF, ETOH, malabsorption, short bowel, intestinal bypass
35
Intracellular shifts in Mag with these conditions
DKA, refeeding, MI, hyperthyroidism
36
Replete Magnesium ENT vs IV
IV preferred d/t GI intolerance
37
Treat Elevatd Mag with
IV Ca Gluconate/chloride
38
Under hormonal control mediated by PTH, Vit D and calcitonin
Calcium
39
Metabolic acidosis and high PO4 do what to Calcium
decrease the % of ionized Calcium
40
Low Calcium assoc with these d/o
dec VIt D, dec PTH activity, hungry bone syndrome, sepsis, rhabdo, massive bld transfusions
41
Drugs that decrease Ca
lasix, calcitonin, phenobarb, dilantin
42
Calcium is absorbed in
duodenum
43
Calcium is excreted via
urine
44
Tetany
Low Calcium
45
Hypercalcemia seen with
hyperparathyroidism, cancer with bone mets, toxic levels Vit A & D, TB, lithium, thiazide diuretics
46
Treat severe high Ca
IV NS @ 200/300cc/hr then lasix or HD
47
Main intracellular anion with functions incl bone/cell membrane composition and maintenance of normal pH.
Phosphorus
48
REquired in all cellular functions requiring energy
Phosphorus
49
What causes shifts Phos ICF
glucose/insulin, alkalosis
50
What causes release Phos to ECF
cell destruction, acidosis
51
Phosphorus absorbed in
jejunum
52
Phosphorus extreted via
urine
53
Low Phos is these d/o
chronic ETOH, critical illness, resp/metabolic alkalosis, following treatment for DKA, refeeding
54
Phos repletion enterally may cause
diarrhea with ? absorption
55
IV Phos with Na or K+?
Potassium
56
K+ Phos IV may cause
thombophlebitis at rates over 7mmos/hr
57
High Phos in what d/o
massive trauma, cytotoxins with leukemias, lymphomas, rhabdo, resp/metabolic acidosis
58
Treat high Ca in pt with normal renal fx
volume repletion and diuretics

Nutrition Support Certification Exam 2013 (11 decks)

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