minerals module 2 week 2

Question 1

minerals made out of only one element

Answer 1

native elements

Question 2

more than one element chemically combined

Answer 2

compound

Question 3

a geometric solid with flat faces

Answer 3

crystal

Question 4

a structure made of crystals

Answer 4

crystalline structure

Question 5

An arrangement of atoms that repeats in a pattern

Answer 5

crystalline lattice

Question 6

The most abundant element in the earth’s crust

Answer 6

oxygen (46.6%)

Question 7

2nd most abundant element in the earth’s crust

Answer 7

silicon (27.7%)

Question 8

In order for the material to be considered a mineral it has to:

Answer 8

1 Be a solid
2 Be naturally occurring element or compound
3 Have a definite chemical composition where the elements have a particular proportion to each other
4 Have the atoms or ions in a particular pattern of arrangement (crystalline structure)
5 Be inorganic. This means, it cannot be made from plants, animals, or any other organisms, living or dead.
6 Have specific physical properties

Question 9

How many elements are found in most minerals?

Answer 9

6

Question 10

Computers have the mineral ______ in their motherboard

Answer 10

silica

Question 11

Why is oil not a mineral?

Answer 11

because it is a liquid; because it is made of dead things

Question 12

Some minerals are made out of ____________ element(s), called ___________ element(s).

Answer 12

one, native

Question 13

Copper is generally used for _______________________.

Answer 13

electrical wiring

Question 14

We brush our teeth using _____, an abrasive powder that scrubs our teeth. We take a shower, get out and maybe put __ ________ powder on us. We turn on the light switch that has wires made of __ _________.

Answer 14

calcium, talc, copper

Question 15

What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 15

oxygen and silicon

Question 16

all rocks are made of

Answer 16

minerals

Question 17

Evaporated water can leave behind the mineral _________.

Answer 17

halite

Question 18

a _________ is not a characteristic of minerals

Answer 18

random arrangement of atoms

Question 19

cleavage

Answer 19

how a mineral splits along a plane

Question 20

The mineral galena breaks into tiny cubes. Why does this occur?

Answer 20

Its internal arrangement of atoms causes it to form a cube

Question 21

Which mineral has a streak that is different from the visible color?

Answer 21

pyrite

Question 22

Which property is the most useful for identifying a mineral (one that is unlikely to change between specimens or types of minerals)?

Answer 22

streak test

Question 23

Density is calculated by the _______________ of the mineral.

Answer 23

mass & volume

Question 24

Which mineral reacts to the acid test?

Answer 24

calcite

Question 25

What has a metallic luster and is 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs hardness scale?

Answer 25

galena

Question 26

Which formulas are correct? (You may have to rearrange the formula - select all that apply)

Answer 26

``` M = D x V V = M/D D = M/V ```

Question 27

Hardness 7 on the Moh's scale of hardness (quartz) _______________________.

Answer 27

can be scratched with a drill bit cannot be scratched with a penny easily cannot be scratched with a steel knife easily

Question 28

Using the Mohs hardness scale, give the hardness of the mineral that can only be scratched by a steel nail.

Answer 28

6

Question 29

Which is an example of an extrusive igneous rock?

Answer 29

scoria

Question 30

Where do plutonic rocks form?

Answer 30

in the earth below the ground

Question 31

Andesitic magma ____________________________. (

Answer 31

forms at subduction boundaries

Question 32

The silica content of igneous rock ___________________________.

Answer 32

increases as the sample of rock gets lighter in color

Question 33

Very small crystals in an igneous rock shows that it was formed ________________________.

Answer 33

in a very short period of time

Question 34

The amount of magnesium and iron ____________________________.

Answer 34

increases in mafic rocks

Question 35

Of these igneous rocks, which would contain the largest crystals?

Answer 35

diorite

Question 36

Granite is formed when magma cools slowly. Granite is a (an) ____________

Answer 36

intrusive igneous rock

Question 37

Basaltic magma ____________________________

Answer 37

forms in rifts or oceanic hotspots

Question 38

Rhyolitic magma ____________________________

Answer 38

has the highest silica content

Question 39

What processes cause igneous rocks to form?

Answer 39

melting and solidification

Question 40

Andesitic magma has ____________________

Answer 40

intermediate composition and formed at a subduction boundary

Question 41

A volcanic neck is an igneous intrusion ________________.

Answer 41

left behind after a volcanic eruption and erosion

Question 42

What causes the melting temperature of magma to increase?

Answer 42

increasing the magnesium content

Question 43

Rhyolitic magma contains ________________.

Answer 43

>70% silica, 4-6% gases

Question 44

A dike is a type of igneous intrusion that __________________.

Answer 44

squeezes in upward cracks in the bedrock, | pushes its way up through cracks in rock layers

Question 45

Pumice is an example of a (an) ______________.

Answer 45

extrusive, vesicular igneous rock

Question 46

Obsidian is unusual in that ___________________.

Answer 46

even though it is dark, it is considered a felsic rock due to the silica and quartz content

Question 47

Why does rhyolite have smaller crystals than granite?

Answer 47

rhyolite cooled quicker than granite

Question 48

Gabbro is all of the following choices except ______________

Answer 48

aphanatic

Question 49

Mafic igneous rocks contain about ___________________

Answer 49

50% silica

Question 50

magma

Answer 50

molten rock below ground

Question 51

lava

Answer 51

molten rock above ground

Question 52

rocks that cool slowly have these

Answer 52

large crystals

Question 53

rocks that cool quickly have these

Answer 53

small crystals

Question 54

rocks that cool slowly then quickly

Answer 54

porphrytic

Question 55

intrusive

Answer 55

igneous rocks that form below ground

Question 56

extrusive

Answer 56

igneous rocks that form above ground

Question 57

felsic

Answer 57

rocks that have more quartz and feldspar

Question 58

mafic

Answer 58

rocks that have more magnesium and iron

Question 59

granite

Answer 59

a rock that is high in silicon

Question 60

the process of clastic rocks getting "glued" together

Answer 60

cementation

Question 61

A stream deposits its sediment into a lake. In what order would you find the three types of clastic sedimentary rocks, top layer to deepest layer?

Answer 61

shale, sandstone, conglomerate

Question 62

The process of overlying weight compressing rocks together

Answer 62

compaction

Question 63

Fossils are only found in __

Answer 63

sedimentary rocks

Question 64

Rock salt, gypsum, and chemical limestone are formed by

Answer 64

evaporation of water

Question 65

If the rock particles are eroded and deposited, they may mix with dead organic matter to form _

Answer 65

organic sedimentary rock

Question 66

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed by

Answer 66

clay, sand, or rocks being cemented together

Question 67

The farther a sediment is transported, the _______________ the particle is.

Answer 67

smaller

Question 68

A(n) ______________ is a rock that is formed by the precipitation of minerals after evaporation.

Answer 68

evaporite

Question 69

Horizontal layers of sediment are laid down in a process called

Answer 69

stratification

Question 70

What type of sedimentary rock is coal?

Answer 70

organic

Question 71

There is a mineral that is common to both organic and chemical sedimentary rocks. Which is it?

Answer 71

calcite

Question 72

____________ and silt are the two sediments that make up the sedimentary rock shale.

Answer 72

clay

Question 73

A ______________ is evidence of something that was once alive and is now in a rock layer.

Answer 73

fossil

Question 74

What type of sedimentary rock is composed of seashells?

Answer 74

coquina

Question 75

Which rock is very porous and water can sometimes go right through?

Answer 75

sandstone

Question 76

A sedimentary rock that can be made up of many whole igneous or metamorphic rocks is called _______________.

Answer 76

conglomerate

Question 77

Sedimentary rock features include:

Answer 77

strata, footprints, fossils, ripple marks, geodes

Question 78

What rock is formed due to the metamorphism of sandstone?

Answer 78

quartzite

Question 79

In the metamorphism of shale, increasing temperature and pressure changes shale from ____________ to ___________to _____________ and finally ____________

Answer 79

Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss

Question 80

A wavy patterned rock has been __________________.

Answer 80

folded

Question 81

Non-foliated metamorphic rocks ______________________.

Answer 81

do not have foliation because there isn't enough pressure for the minerals to align themselves

Question 82

What rock is formed due to the metamorphism of Limestone?

Answer 82

marble

Question 83

Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed due to _________________________

Answer 83

intense heat and pressure, regional metamorphism and crystals aligning in bands

Question 84

Banding in metamorphic rocks shows a type of foliation called _______________

Answer 84

gneissic foliation

Question 85

Metamorphic rocks are formed by ____________________________.

Answer 85

heat and pressure

Question 86

Metamorphic rocks occur mostly along ________________.

Answer 86

convergent plate boundaries

Question 87

When a metamorphic rock splits along mineral layers that are parallel to each other, it is called _________.

Answer 87

slaty foliation