Minimum Qs Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
MQ Define Avian influenza (3)
A
Infection of poultry caused by influenza A virus
- of subtypes H5 or H7 or
- with an IVPI bigger than 1.2
Can be LPAI or HPAI
2
Q
MQ Define animals diseased of EIA (3)
A
CS
Pos serology
Patho, histopath
3
Q
Define Aujeszky free swine herd (5) VÆRT
A
No inf in 2 years
Epiodemiological conditions (isolation, controlled movement, lab exams, records)
No vax
Testing all sows/boars + repr sample of fattening pigs
Insemination with free semen
4
Q
MQ Define potentially rabid animal (3)
A
CS - animal
Bitten by potentially rabid animal
Wild mammal acting strange
5
Q
MQ Define potentially rabies infected animal (1)
A
Has or may have contacted a rabid or potentially rabid animal within last 90 days
6
Q
MQ Define rabies risky animal (2)
A
Any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans
Any dog not being vaxed according to regulation
7
Q
Define animal suspected to be contaminated with EIA (2) HAR VÆRT
A
Kept within 90 days with D or SD animals
No CS but 2 inconclusive or 1 pos serology (21 d)
8
Q
MQ We think an animal is Suspected infected with anthrax if they (3)
A
In contact with D, or sus animal within 20 d before confirmation
Consumed feed or water from same origin of D or sus animal
Grazed on infected pasture w/o vax 2 weeks - 6 months
9
Q
MQ Which animals are considered diseased w/ anthrax (3)
A
Typical CS
Characteristic lesions (PM)
Lab diagnostics
10
Q
Official Brucellosis free herd (6) VÆRT
A
No CS
No vax
>12 month testing: 2 serology (3-12m) or 3 milk (3m) + 6 weeks later serology
Import from free herd/tested within 30d
Yearly testing
General measures (isolation of holding, records of lab exams, sep calving, movement control of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs, cats)
11
Q
MQ Single intradermal tuberculin test results (pos, inconclusive, neg)
A
Positive: 4 mm or more increase in skinfold (or CS)
Inconclusive: 2-4 mm increase + no CS
Negative: less than 2 mm + no CS
12
Q
MQ Comparative intradermal tuberculin test (pos, inconclusive, neg)
A
Positive: 4 mm more than avian (or CS)
Inconclusive: 1-4 mm bigger than avian + no CS
Negative: equal to or smaller than avian + no CS OR NO REACTION AT ALL
13
Q
TB free herd (6) HAR VÆRT
A
No CS
Testing >6 weeks 2 tuberculin tests 6 months after removal and 6 months after that
Import from free herds or tested within 30 days
Meat inspection. If lesions: compulsory investigation
Yearly tuberculin test
Gen epi measures: isolation of holding, record of lab exams, movement control of visitors, animals and vehicles, control of dogs, cats
14
Q
MQ SRM in bovine (3)
A
All: tonsils, duodenum to rectum and mesentery
>12 mo: skull (ø mandible), eyes, brain, SC
>30 mo: vertebra column, dorsal root of ganglia, SC
15
Q
MQ SRM in ovine, cap (2)
A
All: spleen, ileum
>12 mo (or 2 ruptured permanent inc): skull, brain, eyes, tonsils
16
Q
MQ Cohort - BSE (3)
A
Born in same herd
Born 12 mo before/after
Reared together in first year of life and likely consumed same feed
17
Q
MQ ELV free herd (2)
A
No case for >2 years
>24 mo: all animals reacted neg to 2 tests with >4mo interval or situated in free MS or region
18
Q
MQ How to classify that it is a IBR free herd (5)
A
>6mo tested 2x (2-12mo interval) 3 milk samples (2mo interval) IBR free semen Embryo transfer from free parents Introduced animals: - first blood/milk negative - from free herd - test during 30d isolation (2x 21d)
19
Q
MQ Ophthalmic test glanders (3+results)
A
24hr rest 0.2ml mallein in conjunctiva Evaluate 8-12h or 16-24h after: pos: swelling, purulent discharge inconclusive: mucous discharge neg: none
20
Q
MQ Maintenance of IBR free herd (5)
A
TEST >6mo every year before transport to slaughter test milk every 6mo aborted animal tested 3-6wks after abortion (aborted materials and dams blood) only import from free herd: 2x, 21d
21
Q
Confirmation of ASF (6+5) HAR VÆRT
A
All animals killed and p
Contaminated material or waste d/p/t
Cleaning and disinf premises, vehicles, equipment (OS)
Trace meat slaughtered after probable introduction and p
Protection: 3km
Surveillance: 10km
- census
- ban on movement and transport of pigs
- movement restrictions of products, vehicles, people
- no markets, fairs, gatherings
- strict cleaning, disinf, disinsectisation
22
Q
MQ Confirmation of CSF (5)
A
All pigs killed and r Contaminated material or waste d, r, p Cleaning and disinf (OS) Slaughtered meat traced and p Epidemiological inquiry
23
Q
MQ CSF in feral pigs (6+4)
A
Determine infected area Official surveillance of holdings Official census Isolation of domestics No pigs enter or leave holding w/o authorization Written plan of measures Collect info on: - Geographical distribution - Info to hunterers - Estimate feral population - Remove dead or shot pigs
24
Q
MQ Measures potentially rabid animals = diseased (4) HAR VÆRT
A
Killed or 90d official monitor if possible after request
If CS: daily inspection
If no CS: weekly inspection
Stray/wild animals killed + inform official vet
25
Measures potentially rabies-infected (2)
Official monitoring for 90d
- carnivore: under separation, inspected every 3wks
- non-carnivore: separated from hu, other animals, insp every 3 weeks
26
Measures potentially rabies risky animals (2)
Official 14d monitoring - if none: microchip
| In dogs: give vax after monitoring if none valid
27
Measures confirmed Newcastle (8)
```
All poultry killed on spot
All carcasses and eggs d
Contaminated substance or waste d or t
Slaughtered poultry traced and d
Hatching eggs laid during incub period t and d - hatched: official surveillance
Cleaning and disinf
Reintroduction 21d after disinf
Protection and surveillance zone
```
28
Newcastle in pigeons (6)
```
Control and eradication measures
OR ban on movement for 60d
Contrminated matter or waste d or t
Epi inquiry
Swill prohibited
Contingency plan
```
29
Measures diseased w/ anthrax (3)
Separate into groups: D + SD, susp inf, other susceptible animals
Immediate treatment
Change food, water, no grazing
30
Measures suspected infected w/ anthrax (4) HAR VÆRT
Vax + 14d observation
Bo, Eq: temp
Ov, Cap, Su: daily obs
In case of CS or fever: treat
31
Samples in case of FMD sus (4)
1g tissue from enraptured or recently ruptured vesicle
Ep. samples in transport medium (pH 7.2-7.4)
4C
Eso-phar fluid w/ probang
32
Vax of dogs against rabies (3)
Within 30d after 3mo: monovalent
6mo after that: monovalent
Every year after: polyvalent
33
MQ Vax in CSF (2)
No preventative
| MS concerned may submit emergency vax plan to commission for farm and feral pigs
34
MQ Vax in case of confirmation of FMD (3+4)
No trade of vax animals
Vax animal from tested herd can be moved within MS
System of traceability ensures no community trade
Emergency vax:
- classify herd
- clearly identified, registered animals - do not move
- specific measures within vax zone - no movement of animals or products
- clinical and serological survey to ensure disease hasn’t spread
35
MQ Official measures in case of confirmation of AHS (7)
Inform public about restrictions
Kill infected horses
Dispose carcass and animal waste
Strict disinf
20km zone: official surveillance, obl vax, lab exam of dogs, kill diseased dogs
Epizootic inquiry
Take into account epi, geo, climate conditions
36
MQ Public health rules in case of rabies (3)
Official vet shall notify competent regional medical institute if:
she confirms rabies or potential rabies OR
she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid, potentially rabid or potentially rabies-inf animal has bitten a person
37
MQ Lifting ordered restrictions - scabies (4)
```
Observation periods:
If wool less than 2cm: 42d after dipping
If >2cm: 70d after 2x dipping
Other preparations: 42d
Other species: 42d after 2x treatment
```
38
MQ Official measures rabbit flock diseased of VHD (3)
Movement restrictions, NO slaugther, killing
Dispose carcass
Valuable flock: kill diseased, vax the rest (during 6mo)
39
MQ Recovery of FMD free status after no vax (2)
Control and eradication measures have been effective and may be lifted AND at least 3mo have elapsed since last recorded outbreak
40
Animals suspicious to anthrax (2)
```
Non-typical CS
Suspected infected (feed, water) + fever
```
41
IBR eradication methods
Classical selection
Selection with use of marker vax
Generation shift
Herd change
42
Incubation of FMD
14d
43
Exotic fish diseases
Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis
| Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
44
Common rules for disease control
```
Notification
Harmonized control measures
Uniformity of diagnostic procedures
Contingency plans
Epidemiological units
Financial support
```
45
Regionalization
Apply strict controls to a defined area of the community to control and eradicate a disease
Prevent spread from defined area
Permit free movement outside defined area
46
Pig free of Aujeszky
virus, ag, DNA not detected
gB-ELISA neg
kept in free herd
47
DIVA strategy
vax strategy - enables diff to be made btw vax/inf and vax/non-inf through diagnostic test designed to detect abs against field virus and the use of non-vax sentinel birds
48
Repopulation of holdings in case of AI
21d following disinf
49
Diseases using sentinel animals
SVD
CSF
ASF
Bluetongue
50
Define long journey
exceeds 8hrs starting from when first animal of the consignment is moved
51
Protection of animals during transport does not apply to
transport which is not in connection with economic activity (>5 animals) or directly to/from vet clinics
52
Only general conditions apply to (transport of animals)
Transport carried out by farmers - seasonal transhumance
| Transport of their own animals in their own means of transport less than 50km
53
General conditions of transport of animals
No transport where it is likely to cause injury or undue suffering
All arrangements made in advance to minimize length and meet animals needs
All animals fit for journey
Means of transport dsesigned, maintained and operated to avoid injury and suffering and to ensure safety (easily cleaned, disinf)
Personnel trained and competent
Sufficient floor area and height
Water feed and rest at suitable intervals, appropriate quality and quantity for species and age
54
Transport documentation
```
Origin and ownership
Place of departure
Date and time of departure
Intended place of destination
Expected duration of intended journey
```
55
When is journey log needed
Long journeys between MS and with third countries (domestic equids, domestic animals of bo, ov, cap, su)
56
When can checks be carried out during transport
At any stage of a long journey
| At exit points and border inspection posts
57
Which animals are unfit for transport
Physiological weakness/pathological process:
- unable to move without pain
- severe open wound or prolapse
- pregnant after 90% of gestation or given birth in previous week
- newborns with navel not healed
OR (unless <100km)
- pigs <3wks
- lambs <1wk
- calf <10d
- dog, cat <8wks unless with mama
- cervine animals in velvet
58
Additional requirements for >8hr journeys
Unweaned: 9hr: 1hr rest --> 9 more hrs
Pigs: max 24hrs, always water
Carni+horse: max 24hrs, food + water every 8hrs
Other: 14hrs, 1hrs rest + water + food --> 14 more hrs
```
light coloured roof
bedding
carry sufficient food
feeding equipment
partitions to separate animals
```
59
Three R's
Replacement
Reduce
Refine
60
Five freedoms
```
hunger, thirst
discomfort
pain, injury, disease
express normal behavior
fear and distress
```
61
Stunning methods
```
Captive bolt
Concussion
Electronarcosis
Exposure to CO2
EXCEPTION: RITUAL SLAUGHTER
```
62
Which animals don't need stunning if slaugthered at home
Poultry, rabbits, hares
63
Which animals can be slaugthered in private
Rabbits, poultry, hares, pigs, small ru
64
Killing methods
Free bullet pistol or rifle
Electrocution
Exposure to CO2
Other: decapitation, dislocation of neck, vacuum chamber)
65
Aspects of killing
```
Welfare of animals
Safety of workers
Environmental protection
Cost
Time
```
66
General measures in protection zone
Identify holdings with susceptible animals
Periodic visits (clin exam and collect samples if nec)
Prohibited movement of animals of susc species unless auth
Animals must remain on holding except transport for emergency slaughter
At least for max incub period
Min 3km radius
67
General measures in surveillance zone
Identify holdings with susceptible animals
Movement on public roads prohibited except auth
Transport within zone subject to auth
Animals of susc species must remain inside zone for max incub period
Inform people about restrictions
Min 10 km
68
Disinfection methods
Cleaning
Disinfection
Disinsectisation
69
Procedures prohibited in pets
Tail docking
Ear cropping
Devocalization
Declawing and defanging
70
Organizations active in animal welfare
Council of Europe
OIE
WTO
EU
71
Council of Europe objectives (p, p, f, c)
protect human rights, pluralist democracy and rule of law
promote awareness and encourage the development of Europe’s cultural
identity and diversity
to find common solutions to the challenges facing European society
to consolidate democratic stability in Europe by backing political, legislative
and constitutional reform
72
OIE objectives (in, co, ex, pr)
to inform Governments about the occurrence and course of diseases of animals through the world and way of controlling these diseases
to provide co-ordination at an international level for studies devotes to the surveillance and control of animal diseases
examine regulation for trade in animals and their products
give priority to the welfare of animals used in agriculture and aquaculture and to identify animal welfare research needs
73
Aim of GATT agreements (SPS)
to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade
a legal agreement
Establishes those international animal health measures, guidelines and recommendations necessary for the protection of human and animal life and health
74
Regulation in the EU
directly applied without the need for national measures to implement them
75
Directives in the EU
bind MS as to the objectives to be acheived while leacing the national authorities the power to choose the form and means to be used
76
Decision in the EU
binding in all aspects upon those whom they are addressed
may be addressed to any or all MS, to undertakings or individuals
77
FAO programs (st, te, ad, ec)
developing the global strategy for the management of farm animal genetic resources
technologies and systems for efficient natural resource use in livestock production
advice to Member Counters and support to the field program
European Commission for the control of foot and mouth disease
78
Principles of the trading system
```
Without discrimination
Freer
Predictable
More competitive
Beneficial for less developed countries
```
79
Special commissions of OIE
Code commission
Scientific commission
Laboratories commission
Aquatic animal commission
80
Powers of European Parliament
Legislative power
Power over budget
Supervision over the executive
81
Work of European Commission (PEGR)
```
PROMOTING THE COMMON INTEREST
Proposes new legislation
Executive organ
Guardian of the treaties
Represents EU internationally
```
82
Identification of bovines
Double ear tags with individual number
Maintaining a register on each holding
Cattle passports
Computerized database on national level
83
Identification of pigs
Ear tags or tattoos
Maintaining register on each holding
Computerized database at national level
84
Identification of sheep and goats
Double identification before 6mo:
2 ear tags or one ear tag and one tattoo, mark on pastern or electronic
Maintain up to date regiser on each holding
Movement documents for each movement of groups of animals
Central register of whole holding or computer database at national level
85
Animals suspicious to anthrax
Non-typical clinical signs
| Suspected of being infected + fever
86
Separation of animals in case of anthrax
Diseased and suspected of being diseased
Suspected of being infected
Other susceptible animals
87
Official measures of diseased and suspected of being diseased in case of anthrax
Immediate treatment
| Change of feed, drinking water, no grazing
88
Lifting resitriction in case of anthrax
Observation period: 20 days
| No surveillance in the village
89
Public health measures in case of anthrax
```
Notifications of the state medical service
Informing the keeper/owner
Personal disinfection
Protective clothes, gloves and footwear
Keep floor wet, prevent dust formation
```
90
Definition of animals diseased with brucellosis
Typical clinical signs + typical pathological lesions or bacteriology
Movement restrictions, castration or slaughter
91
Animal suspected of being diseased with brucellosis
Clinical signs, until confirmation
Bacteriology (fetus, placenta) + 2 blood tests with 21 days interval
Movement restrictions
92
Suspension of free status in case of bovine brucellosis
Suspicion of the disease either by positive test or PM meat inspection
93
Withdrawal of free status in case of bovine brucellosis
1. Confirmation of Brucella infection
2. Cleaning, disinfection
3. All animals slaughtered OR
- 2 tests for animals over 12 months, in 30 days and 60 days later
- pregnant animals have to be tested 21 days after calving
94
Restoration of free status in case on bovine brucellosis
Slaughter of positive reactor
| 2 serum agglutination tests for animals above 12 months, one in 30 days and the other 60 days after
95
Official free MEMBER STATE in bovine brucellosis
1. No abortion due to brucella and no brucella isolation for 3 years
2. 99.8% officially free herds for 5 years
3. Identification system
4. Report and investigation of all abortions
5. Regular testing
6. Suspected cases: 2 blood test (with CFT) and microbiology
96
Public health measures in case of bovine brucellosis
1. Notification of state medical service
2. Informing the keeper, owner (especially if they're pregnant)
3. Personal disinfection
4. Protective clothing, gloves and footwear
5. Control of products
97
Suspension of free status in case of bovine tuberculosis
Suspicion: positive tuberculin test or PM inspection
Positive reactor should be slaughtered and examinated
If not confirmed, all animals above 6 weeks are tested, minimum 42 days after remooval of the reactor
98
Withdrawal of free status in case of bovine tuberculosis
Isolation of M. bovis OR
| on the basis of epidemiological and/or pathological investigation
99
Restoration of free status in case of bovine tuberculosis
Cleaning and disinfection
| 2 tests: 1 test 60 days and the other 4-12 months after removal of the reactor
100
Official free MEMBER STATE in case of bovine tuberculosis
Less than or exaclty 0.1% infected herds per year for 6 years
Identification system
Official PM examination of all slaughtered bovine animals
101
Public health measures in case of bovine tuberculosis
1. Notification of state medical service
2. Inform the keeper, owner
3. Personal disinfection
4. Protective clothes, gloves and footwear
5. Control of production
102
BSE monitoring system - which group of animals shall be monitored
1. All bo over 24mo sent for emergency slaughter, or fallen stock (died or been killed on farm, during transport or in slaughter house)
2. All bo over 30mo slaughtered for human consumption
3. All ov/cap over 18mo or more than 2 incisors erupted through gum, or which died or were killed not as part of an eradication campaign
103
Measures in case of BSE suspected animals
- Any animal suspected of being infected with a TSE is placed under official movement restriction until results of clinical and epidemiological examinations are known or must be killed for lab exam
- If BSE suspected at a holding in a MS, all other bo are put under movement restrictions until results of lab exams
- The same applies for ov/cap
104
Measures in case of BSE infections
- Inquiry to identify possible origin of the disease and all animals and their products which may be contaminated
- In case of confirmed BSE: killing and complete destruction of bovine animals identified by the inquiry
- In ovine and caprine: killing and complete destruction of all animals, embryos and ova identified
- Only certain ovine and caprine animals of a known genotype may be introduced onto a holding where destruction has taken place because of a TSE outbreak
- Pending results of the inquiry the infected holding is placed under official control and movement restricted
105
Retaining official free status in EBL
- Any animals introduced into the herd come from an officially enzootic bovine leucosis free herd
- All animals over 23 months of age continue to react negatively to a test carried out at intervals of 3 years
- Breeding animals introduced into a herd and originating from a third country have been imported in accordance with EU rules
106
Suspension of free status in EBL
- The conditions are no fulfilled
- Results of lab tests
- On clinical grounds
- Suspected animals are immediately slaughtered
107
Requirements in case of EBL in a single animal
- If a single animal in an officially free herd has reacted positively or where
infection is otherwise suspected in one animal in a herd
- The animal which has reacted positively and in case of a cow, any calf it may have produced must have left the herd for slaughter under the supervision of the veterinary authority
- All animals in the herd more than 12 months old have reacted negatively to 2 serological tests carried out at least 3 months after removal of the positive
animal and their progeny
- Epidemic inquiry
108
Requirement in case of EBL in multiple animals
- More than one animal from an officially free herd has reactive positively or
where the infection has been suspected in more than one animal in a herd
- Any animals which have reacted positively and in case of cows, their calves, must be removed for slaughter under the supervision of the veterinary authority
- All animals over 12 months of age must react negatively to 2 test carried out at least 4 months and no more than 12 months
- All other animals in the herd remain on the holding until they are over 24 months of age and have been tested after reaching that age
- Epidemiological inquiry
109
Obligatory eradication programs in case of IBR
- Serological screening:
Less than 50 cows: all animals above 6 months
More than 50 cows: all breeding bulls + 15% of animals over 6 months
Can be milk samples
Life long positivity (carrier status)
110
IBR gE-negative herd
- Systematic use of gE-negative marker vaccine
- All animals over 6 months of age are tested twice (interval 2-12 months) with
discriminative ELISA
111
IBR infected herd
- Confirmed infection
- gE positive animal
- Use of non-marker vaccine in the past 2 years
- Obligatory eradication plan
112
IBR eradication methods
- Classical selection method
- Selection with the use of marker vaccines
- Generation shift
- Herd change
113
IBR Classical Selection Method
Seronegatives:
- Blood tests every 3-6 weeks
- Minimum 2 negative tests with an interval of 21 days for all animals
- Elimination of positive animals
Seropositives:
- Vaccination with inactive vaccine 2X (3-5 week interval) and late in every
half year
114
IBR selection with marker vaccine
- Infected herds: vaccination with inactivated vaccine 2X (3-5 week interval) and later in every half year
Immunized cows and heifers
- 1X before insemination
- 2X 3-6 weeks before calving
Calves
- 1. vaccination: 8-12 weeks of age
- 2. vaccination: 3-5 weeks later
- Every half year
115
Diseased animals in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis
- Typical clinical signs + histopathology or laboratory examination
116
Suspected of being diseased in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis
Non-typical clinical signs
117
Suspected of being contaminated in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis
40 days
- Official surveillance
- Movement restrictions
- Protection zone
- Surveillance zone
118
Teschovirus Encephalitis on a small holding
- All diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs are killed on the spot
- Suspected of being contaminated: separate slaughter, heat treatment
119
Teschovirus Encephalitis on a large scale holding
All diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs are killed on the spot
Suspected of being contaminated
- observation for 40 days
- if slaughtered, heat treatment
120
Lifting restrictions in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis
- Strict disinfection (repeated 14 days)
- Observation period: 40 days
- Protection zone: 40 days
121
Slaughter technique in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis
- Removal of the intestinal tract
- Intact nervous system (special paravertebral cut of the carcass)
- Heat treatment: 70 C for 20 min
122
Confirmation of swine vesicular disease
- Virus isolation from the pigs or from the environment
- Seropositive pigs + characteristic legions
- Clinical signs + direct epidemiological connection with a confirmed outbreak
123
Confirmation of Swine Vesicular Disease in a slaughterhouse
- All pigs in the slaughterhouse are slaughtered without delay
- The carcasses and offal of infected and contaminated pigs are destroyed
- Cleaning and disinfection
- Epidemiological inquiry
- No pigs are re-introduced for slaughter until at least 24 hours after
completion of the cleaning and disinfection operations
124
Restocking of Infected holding in case of Swine Vesicular Disease
Four weeks after completion of the first full disinfection of the premises
Outdoor pig holdings:
- Negative sentinel piglets: examined clinically and sampled for serological testing after 28 days
- Full restocking
Other forms of rearing
- Within a period of 8 days
- Seronegative pigs
- No pig may leave the holding for a period a 60 days after the arrival of the
last pigs
- Clinical and serological examination: 28 days after the arrival of the last
pigs
125
Animal diseased with Scabies
- Typical clinical signs
| - Non-typical clinical signs and laboratory confirmation
126
Animal suspected of being diseased with Scabies
Non-typical clinical signs until laboratory confirmation
127
Animal suspected of being contaminated with Scabies
- Direct or indirect contact diseased or suspected of being diseased animals within 42 days
- No yearly treatment carried out in sheep
- Sheep introduced into the herd without isolation
128
Treatment of Scabies
- Diseased, suspected of being diseased, suspected of being contaminated
- Obligatory treatment
- If wool < 2 cm treatment 1X
- If wool > 2 cm: shearing and 1X treatment or treatment 2X (interval 7-10
days)
- Other species: 2X (interval 7-10 days)
- Parallel disinfection of keeping place and equipment
129
Movement restrictions in case of Scabies
Pasturing, work, changing keeping place only after treatment if no contact with susceptible animals
Slaughter only after treatment
Raw product
• disinfection
• wool: storing for 6 weeks
Equipment, buildings: strict disinfection or 6 weeks without animals
130
Lifting restrictions in case of Scabies
```
Observation periods
• if wool < 2cm 42 days after dipping
• if wool >2cm 70 days after 2X dipping
• other preparations: 42 days
• other species: 42 days after 2X treatment
```
131
Public Health rules in case of Rabies
The official veterinarian shall notify the competent regional medical institute
if
• he/she confirms rabies or potential rabies
• he/she becomes aware of the fact that a rabid, potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten any person
132
Suspected of being diseased with African Horse Sickness
- census
- official surveillance
- clinical examination of equine, autopsy of dead animals
- samples: spleen, lung, liver, blood
- disinsectisation
- epizootic inquiry
- closing of dogs
133
Official confirmation in African Horse Sickness
• inform the public about the restrictions • killing of infected horses
• disposal of carcasses and animal waste
• strict disinfection
• 20 km zone
- official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of
dogs, killing of diseased dogs
• epizootic inquiry
• taking into account of epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions
134
Protection zone in case of African Horse Sickness
* minimum 12 months
* a min. radius of 100 km
* taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions
* inform the public about the restrictions
* disinsectisation
* visit of all holding keeping equidae and take samples
* movement of horses: only for emergency slaughter
135
Surveillance zone in case of African Horse Sickness
* minimum 12 months
* a min. radius of +50 km
* taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions
* inform the public about the restrictions
* disinsectisation
* visit holdings keeping equidae and take samples
* movement of horses only for emergency slaughter
* vaccination is prohibited
136
Diseased animal of myxomatosis
Typical clinical signs
137
Suspected of being diseased of myxomatosis
Non-typical clinical signs
138
Suspected of being infected of myxomatosis
Possible contamination with infected or suspended of being infected aninals within 30 days before confirmation
139
Infected flocks in case of myxomatosis
Diseased or suspected of being diseased animals (typical or non-typical clinical signs)
140
Measures in case of myxomatosis
- Diseased and suspected of being diseased: killing, disposal of meat and skin
- Suspected of being diseased animals may be vaccinated
- Suspected of being infected: may be slaughtered
141
Transport to a slaughterhouse in case of Myxomatosis
- From a holding which is not under restriction: vaccinated healthy rabbits 15 days after vaccination
- Holding which is under restriction: killing of diseased animals, vaccinated healthy rabbits 15 days after vaccination
142
Lifting restrictions in case of Myxomatosis
- Killing, death, recovery of the last diseased rabbit: 30 days and strict disinfection
143
RHD diseased animal/flock
Typical clinical signs/lesions and laboratory confirmation
144
RHD suspected of being diseased
Non-typical clinical signs/lesions
145
RHD infected flock
Infected rabbit or equipment/material within 60 days
146
RHD suspected of being infected
Possible contamination with infected flocks within 60 days
147
RHD endangered flocks
Flocks of neighbouring villages defined by the veterinary authority
148
Official measures in case of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
Diseased
- movement restrictions, slaughter is prohibited, killing
- disposal of carcasses
- valuable flock: killing of diseased animals + vaccination of the
remaining flock (during 6 months)
Suspected of being diseased
- Movement restrictions until confirmation or ruling out
Infected or suspected of being infected
- Vaccination + 15 day movement restrictions
Endangered flocks:
- Vaccination
149
Newcastle Disease infected poultry
- Examination by an approved laboratory or
- In case of secondary outbreaks: clinical symptoms or post mortem lesions
consistent with Newcastle disease are present
150
Poultry suspected of being infected with Newcastle Disease
Clinical symptoms or post mortem lesions which are such that the presence of Newcastle disease may be reasonably suspected
151
Poultry suspected of being contaminated with Newcastle Disease
Poultry which may have been directly or indirectly exposed to the Newcastle Disease virus
152
Official measures in case of suspicion of Newcastle Disease
• official supervision
• samples
• a record of all categories of poultry
• poultry to be kept isolated in their living quarters
• no poultry allowed to enter or leave the holding
• movement of people, vehicles, material are subject of official authorization
• table eggs: disinfection or heat treatment
• disinfection at the entrance of buildings housing poultry and the holding
itself
• epizootiological inquiry
153
Animal suspected of being diseased with Equine Infectious Anemia
Non-typical clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or 1 positive serology (interval of 21 days)
154
Animal Infected with EIA
No clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology (interval of 21 days)
155
Animals diseased with Glanders
* typical clinical signs
* non-typical clinical signs but immunodiagnostic test +
* no clinical signs but repeated immunodiagnostic test +
156
Animals suspected of being diseased with Glanders
Non-typical clinical signs but immunodiagnostic test is inconclusive
157
Animals suspected of being contaminated with Glanders
* direct of indirect contact within diseased or suspected of being diseased equidae within 180 days
* no clinical signs but repeated immunodiagnostic test is inconclusive
158
Official Measures in case of Glanders
• isolation, movement restrictions
• official supervision
• diagnostic tests: ophthalmic test or serology on diseased or suspected of
being diseased
• samples: respiratory tract + pharynx (or whole carcass)
• diseased animals are killed, slaughter is prohibited
• suspected of being diseased animals: slaughter is prohibited
• suspected of being contaminated animals: may be slaughtered in the
presence of official vet if the ophthalmic test is negative within 14 days
• disposal of carcasses
• strict disinfection
159
Lifting restrictions in case of Glanders
* no equidae
* strict disinfection
* immunodiagnostic tests to exclude the infection
160
Public Health Measures in case of Glanders
* notification of the public health service • informing of the keepers
* protective clothes, personal disinfection
* no treatment of infected animals
* suspected of being diseased animals can only be treated by a veterinarian
161
Fowl Typhoid
Diseased animal
• typical clinical signs or pathological lesions
• detection of causative agent
Infected animal
• detection of antibodies
Infected egg
• detection of causative agent
Infected breeding flock
• no vaccination, infected animals > 3%
• or diseased animal
Suspected of being infected breeding flock
• no vaccination, infection animals 1-3%
162
Fowl Typhoid free pedigree or grand parent flock
* all + at the 2 tests <0.5%
* infected birds are eliminated
* bacteriology of dead eggs and day old chickens
163
Fowl Typhoid free parent and production flock
* the birds originate from free flock
* all + <1%
* infected birds are eliminated
* bacteriology of dead eggs and day old chickens
* individual identification of hatching eggs
* only eggs originating from free flocks may be hatched
164
Fowl Typhoid day-old chickens
* during the first 5 days of life min. 1x sample for lab examination
* <10 carcasses: all
* 11-50 carcasses: 10
* >50 carcasses: every 5th, max 50
165
Incubation period of FMD
maximum 14 days
166
Measures in case of suspicion of an outbreak of FMD
• official investigation: sampling and laboratory testing
• official surveillance: census of all animals
• isolation
• all products of animal origin are recorded
• epidemiological inquiry
• movement of animals and products banned
• movement restrictions of people
• temporary control zone may be established for up to 72 hours
• preventative eradication programs may be implemented, including slaughter
of animals suspected of being infected
167
Measures in case of confirmation of an outbreak of FMD
* all animals of susceptible species on the holding are killed on the spot
* other animals present may be killed
* samples and epidemiological inquiry
* carcasses are processed without delay
* all products of animal origin present on the holding since the presumed date of introduction of the disease are treated
* building and vehicles used are cleaned and disinfected under official supervision
* restocking of the holding may begin 21 days after cleaning at the earliest
168
Emergency vaccination in case of FMD
• classification of herds
• animals must be clearly identified and registered and must not be moved
• specific measures in the vaccination zone to the movement of animals, fresh
meat and other animal products
• clinical and serological survey
Protective vaccination
• regionalization of the vaccination zone
• second surveillance zone: at least 10 km wide
Suppressive vaccination
• part of the immediate stamping-out strategy
• applied to ensure minimum spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
• carried only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings
169
Exotic fish diseases
* epizootic hematopoietic necrosis
| * epizootic ulcerative syndrome
170
Non-exotic fish diseases
* viral hemorrhagic septicemia
* infectious hematopoietic necrosis
* Koi herpes virus disease
* infectious salmon anemia
171
Minimum control measures in exotic fish diseases
• the farming area is officially declared infected
• total eradication, empty farms
• a containment area is established, including a protection zone and a
surveillance zone
• no restocking takes place and movement restrictions in, out or within the
containment zone without authorization
• stamping out like procedures
172
Minimum control measures in non-exotic fish diseases
* apply measures provided for the control of exotic diseases in order to regain free status
* draw up an eradication plan
173
Requirements for Disease free status is aquatic diseases
On historical grounds
• no occurrence of the disease for 10 years
• basic biosecurity measures have been in place continuously for 10 years • infection is not known to occur in the wild population
• trade and import conditions prevent introduction
Based on targeted surveillance
• disease have been detected in the last 10 years but the Member State
meets basic control data and the disease has not been detected in the last 2 years with regular testing
174
Duck Viral Enteritis/Duck Plague
Diseased bird
• typical clinical signs or pathological lesions
• laboratory confirmation
• wild virus detection
Suspected of being diseased
• suspicious clinical signs or pathological lesions until laboratory confirmation
Infected flock
• diseased birds
Suspected of being infected flock
• contact with diseased, suspected of being diseased, infected or suspected
of being infected within 30 days
• antibody titer refers to wild virus infection
175
Preventative measures in case of Duck Viral Enteritis
* no free keeping on natural water during the 2 weeks before egg-laying period
* infected natural water: no susceptible birds for 2 years except vaccinated broiler ducks
* breeding and broiler flocks shall not be kept together
176
Official measures in case of Duck Viral Enteritis
* birds showing clinical signs are killed • birds not showing clinical signs
* immediate slaughter: heat treated meat products or vaccination (recovered flock)
* 30 days observation, no breeding, movement restriction until slaughter
* 28 days observation, hatching eggs are disinfected, separate hatching, separate fattening of the hatched birds
177
Official measures in case of suspected presence of Classical Swine Fever on a holding
• official supervision
• movement to and from the holding is prohibited or subject to authorization
• access ways to the holding and means of transport leaving it must be
disinfected
178
Repopulation of a holding affected by Classical Swine Fever
* minimum 30 days after the completion of the cleaning and disinfection operations
* open air holdings: full repopulation may take place only if none of the sentinel pigs have developed antibodies again the virus (test: 40 days)
179
Confirmation of CSF at a slaughterhouse or means of transport
• all susceptible animals are present must be killed
• new animals may not be reintroduced until 24 hours after the completion of
cleaning and disinfection
• the carcasses, offal and animal waste of possibly contaminated pigs must be
processed under official supervision
180
Specific Criteria of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
• no clinical or pathological evidence of CBPP (for the declaration of
provisional freedom: at least for 3 years or 1 year if no vaccination)
* effective veterinary service
* effective meat inspection
all evidence suggestive of CBPP is investigated by laboratory methods,
- diagnostic procedures capable of differentiating Mycoplasma
infections
* effective reporting system
* effective system to prevent the introduction of infection
• if vaccination has been used, all vaccination against CBPP has ceased by
the date of declaration of provisional freedom
181
Reaching free status in CBPP in previously infected country
Provisional freedom from disease + 2 years
Freedom of disease + 2 years
Freedom of infection
182
Country free from CBPP infection without intermediate steps
• continuously free from CBPP from at least 10 years
• no vaccination for at least 10 years
• no clinical or pathological evidence for at least 10 years
• adequate disease surveillance and reporting system
• use of diagnostic procedures capable of differentiating Mycoplasma
infections
183
Re-establishing CBPP infection free status
• 2 years from the date of the last case
• demonstration that the outbreak did not represent endemic infection and that
the disease has been eradicated by the actions taken
184
American Foul Brood
Diseased bee colony
• signs and laboratory confirmation
Suspected of being diseased
• signs and until laboratory confirmation
Infected apiary
• diseased colony
• monitoring period: 60 days
Suspected of being contaminated
• kept with infected bee colony in the apiary within 60 days or
transmission of the agent in any other way
185
Movement restrictions in case of American Foul Brood
• marking of bee colonies
• prohibition: antibiotic treatment and any intervention transmitting the
disease
• laboratory examination from the colonies suspected of being diseased
186
Official measures in case of American Foul Brood
* killing of bee colonies
* killed bee colonies are burned and buried (+ products, comb, brood)
* burning and burial of all combustible material from the hive
* strict disinfection
* suspected of being contaminated: processing of products
