Minor Illnesses Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are the incubation and contagious periods of chickenpox?
Incubation: 8-28 days
Contagious: 2 days before…
Onset of symptoms
Contagious: 5 days after onset
Treatment of Chickenpox
- Child
- Adult
- Calpol, antihistamines, calamine lotion
2. Aciclovir
Fifth disease cause, presentation, and natural history?
- Parvovirus (erythema infectiosum)
- Slapped cheek
- Self-limiting
What are the S + S of Conjunctivitis?
- Painless red eye
- Discharge
- Gritty sensation
What are the three causes of conjunctivitis and their management?
- Adenovirus
- Supportive - Bacteria (unilateral and ‘gooey’) - Chloramphenicol drops
- Allergic - Antihistamine/nasal steroid spray
Chalazion vs stye cause and symptoms?
Chalazion: Blocked oil gland - usually painless
Stye: Infected follicle - painful
Chalazion/stye(hordeola) treatment?
Both
Warm compress for a few weeks
Stye
Topical ophthalmic bacitracin or erythromycin
ABx PO if significant cellulitis (cefalexin/co-amox)
Referral for incision if distorting vision/refractory to tx
Chalazion
Referal for CTS injection or incision if refractory
What are the S+S of Orbital cellulitis?
- Pain on movement and visual disturbance
2. Systemically unwell (febrile)
How to manage an ankle sprain (no bony injury)
90% - rest and time
P rotect
R est
ICE
Analgesic ladder: Ibuprofen gel, codeine
What is the algorithm for an ankle injury X Ray?
Ottowa Ankle Rules
- Malleolar pain
Posterior edge
Tip of malleolus - Midfoot pain
Base of 5th metatarsal
Navicular - Inability to weight-bear immediately after AND in ED
Otitis media management?
3 days self-resolving
Warm compress
Paracetamol and Ibuprofen
Not resolving
Amoxicillin
Co-amoxicalv
Apthous Ulcer Presentation and management
- Lower lip pain
Minor (1cm) or Major (1cm+) - Avoid trigger foods/drinks
- Consider IBD/Celiac
Headlice management?
- Diagnose with finding a live louse
- Wet combing
- Chemical then insecticidal shampoos
Scabies
Presentation
Management
Highly infectious and highly itchy
- Reduce physical contact
- Wash at 50°
- Cream/lotion for whole body
- Permethrin
- Ivermectin PO - Antihistamine for days of itchiness
Nappy Rash
Presentation
Management
- Reassure and advise to avoid nappy and tightness where possible
- Change nappy regularly and clean skin thoroughly
- OTC ointments and barrier cream/oil
- If severe - Steroids and antifungals
Heel Pain 5DDs
- Plantar fasciitis
- Overweight 40-60 or runners
- Medial band of fascia attachment inflammation
- Achiles tendonitis (calcaneal spur)
- Tenderness along tendon on palpation
- Radiation when extending foot or tiptoes
3 Baxter’s neuritis - Parasthesia with percussion
- Burning pain, may be present at rest
- Fat pad atrophy
- Centralized pain
- Flattened surface on palpation
- History of landing hard on heal (obese or athletic)
- Calcaneal fracture
- Diffuse, warm swelling
- Pain on squeezing calcaneum
- Long distance walk with heavy pack
Knee OA
- Presentation
- Investigations
- Pain, locking, weakness
- Oxford knee score
Osteophytes and pieces in joint space
Fever pain score features?
- Fever - in past 24 hrs
- Cough or coryza (inflmmation of nasal m. membranes)
- Aches
- Length - <3 days? 4-7 or 7+
- Glands - Cervical/inflamed/pus?
Oral Candidias
- S&S
- Mild Tx
- Severe treatment
- S&S
- Creamy white/ yellow plaques
- Cracks, ulcers, crusted fissures in angles
- Discharge?
- Mild Tx
- Topical cream - gentian violet (1%)
- Tablet: clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin
- Severe Tx
- Fluconazole PO 200mg
- Posaconazole PO 100mg
Vaginal Candidiasis
- S&S
- Uncomplicated Tx
- Complicated Tx
- S&S
- Dysuria/Pruritis/Dyspareunia/Erythema
- Discharge: White, thick, cottage cheese-like, odourless
- Uncomplicated Tx
- Butoconazole 2% Vaginal cream daily at night
- Clotrimazole (1%) cream daily at night
- Miconazole (2%) daily at night
- Fluconazole (150mg) PO
- Nystatin 100,000 unit vaginal tablet nightly 14/7
- Complicated Tx
- Fluconazole 150 mg PO 3/7
Vaginitis red flags (Lichenous vs Cancers)
- Lichen
- Pruritis, intense vulvodynia and dyspareunia
- Violaceous, flat-topped papules/plaques
- Cancer background:
Vulval
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding - Odorous or blood-stained discharge - Persistent pelvic/vaginal pain
Cervical:
- Vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia - Pain in lower back/pelvis - Foul-smelling discharge - Severe bleeding, GI effects
‘Honey crust’ infection management
Impetigo (Staph A. / Strep)
- Off school for 2 days
- Hydrogen peroxide cream
- Abx
A. Non-Buleous Impetigo (70% of cases)
Topical antibiotics
B. Bulleous Impetigo (5mm lesions)
Oral flucloxacillin
Rubella
- Pres and Mx
Rubella S&S
- Red rash progresses from ears to body
- Head and neck lymphadenopathy
- Fever, cough, aches
Rubella Mx
- Rest and fluids
- Paracetamol/Ibuprofen
Teratogenic in pregnancy
Assessing a lump (2 acronyms)
- Asymmetry
- Border
- Colour
- Diameter
- Evolution
S - Size P - Pattern E - Elevation C - Colour L - Location
S - Shape
C - Consistency
And
B - Borders
