MIS 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal Cord. Integrative and controls other centers.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial Nerves and spinal nerves. Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body.
Autonomic Nervous system
ANS monitors and controls visceral functions that are below the level of consciousness, including breathing, heart rate, salivation, perspiration, and pupillary dilation. This ANS is subdivided into 2 division: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Sympathetic Nervous System
– “Fight or flight” response – Adrenaline and Norepinephrine release – Hypertonicity – In a state of stress and anxiety – Factors that Increase SNS: hyperinflation, stimulate auditory and visual inputs, stressful environment – Sympathetic duct compression
Parasympathetic Nervous system
– “Rest and Digest” response
– Body returns to normal homeostasis
– Decrease muscle tone
– Factors that increases PNS activity = Breathing, Low frequency sounds, low level light, calm environment, warm colors
Sympathetic Nervous System Effects on the Body
Dilates pupil Inhibits salivation Relaxes bronchi Accelerates Heart Inhibits digestive activity Stimulates glucose release by liver secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine from kidney relaxes bladder contracts rectum
Direct influence of the SNS: increase motor output such as increase in muscle tone, muscle length, muscle twitch force, myocardial relaxation rate.
Parasympathetic Nervous System Effects on the Body
Contracts pupil Stimulates salivation Inhibits heart Contracts bronchi Stimulates digestive activity Stimulates gallbladder Contracts bladder Relaxes rectum
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
CSF has a number of other crucial roles to play:
• Flush out waste product from CNS
• Provides the protection of the brain
– acting as a shock absorber and helping to maintain the shape of the brain
Primary Respiratory System (PRS)
The deepest connection between structure and function. PRS is comprised of 1. CSF 2. CNS 3. Dural membrane 4. Primary Respiratory Fulcrums (PRF) 5. Primary Respiratory Levers (PRL)
Two phases of Primary Respiration (Primary Inhalation & Primary Exhalation)
Primary Inhalation: a subtle motion occurs in fluid and tissues, which rise upwards and at the same time expands from side to side.
Flexion + ER + Abduction
Primary exhalation: motion that generally recedes down toward the lower part of the body and narrows from side to side.
Extension + IR + Adduction
Primary Respiratory Fulcrum
3 Major fulcrum
- Sphenoid
- sternum
- sacrum
The energy that provides the power for primary respiration is found at these fulcrum points, so they are significant places for the functioning of the body. Any kind of motion is organized around a fulcrum, and levers get their power to produce motion from their fulcrum points.
Primary Respiratory Levers (PRLs)
Maxilla
Respiratory Diaphragm
Pelvic floor diaphragm
These levers are also known as transverse diaphragm.
Restrictions at the PRLs commonly act as sites of restriction of the expression of primary respiration.
Psychotherapists notes that PRLs are places where the flow of feelings and sensations often become blocked.
Part 1 pg. 99
5 Mocean Principles
- we are dynamically designed creation
- everything begins at the AXIAL system through ‘core-link’
- Everything is connected to everything else and body functions as a totality
- Motion and respiration are executed in reciprocal alternating manner
- We are asymmetrically designed creation
Mocean Principle #1
We are created as dynamic creatures
breath about 21,000 - 22,000 times a day.
7-8 liters of air / min
~11,000 liters of air in a day
We move during our sleep (circulation, hormone production, cellular regeneration, etc)
Our body constantly needs to alternate
- static posture compromises respiratory dynamics
- switch out of a sympathetic-dominant state and into a more parasympathetic-dominant resting state
Mocean Principle #2
Everything begins at the AXIAL system
The axial structure acts as the natural fulcrum around which all aspects of PRM are expressed.
Mocean Principle #3
Everything is connected to everything else and body functions as a totality through
1. Core-link 2. Kinetic & potential chain of connective tissues - lower kinetic chain, L potential chain - upper kinetic chains - cranio-cervical kinetic chain - appendage chain
The different parts of the body often get separated for the purposes of study or examination, but in reality they are part of an interdependent system.
Mocean Principle #4
Reciprocal alternating tension & movement pattern.
All of bones, membranes, fluids and organs of the body express primary respiration as reciprocal pattern of movement.
The cyclical rhythms of primary respiration have the characteristic of reciprocal tension, a kind of tensile pushing and pulling produced in the body.
Mocean Principle #5
Asymmetrically designed creation
the neurological, respiratory, circulatory, muscular and vision system are not the same on the left side of the body as they are on the right.
Left side:
- heart, stomach, spleen, descending colon
Right side:
- Liver, Gallbladder, ascending colon
Vagus nerve: right vagus nerve is longer than the left with different innervation patterns.
There is asymmetry in lungs as well.
- 3 lobes on the right side
- 2 lobes on the left side
There is asymmetry in diaphragm as well!
- right diaphragm has a larger diameter (it’s bigger)
- right has a thicker & larger central tendon
- right has a higher dome, and is better able to maintain this shape
*Considering the size differential between the right and left diaphragm, contraction force of the diaphragm will not be equal.
Lateralization of Human body
- stronger, bigger, better positioned right diaphragm and the second heaviest organ, which is liver positioned on the right side, will shift the center of mass over to the right.
- problem rises when we get stuck in one pattern and not be able to reciprocate the movement
- when we are not alternating side to side, there is restriction in the Primary Respiration System and therefore whole body gets affected by it.
Effect of RDP on PRF and PRL
- RDP has an influence on the PRF, PRL and other connective tissues as a whole
- Any kind of motion is organized around a Primary Respiratory Fulcrum, the still point around which things move.
- Primary Respiratory Levers (diaphragms) get their power to produce PRM from their fulcrum points
- If PRF is not positioned right, PRL will not be able to produce proper PRM (primary respiratory movement/mechanism) and therefore, affect the whole body.
Relationship of Pelvic girdle and movement
- Pelvic girdle is the foundation of the spine and helps support the weight of the whole trunk
- What is pelvic girdle?
In discussing the pelvis, a distinction can be made between the “pelvic spine” and the “pelvic girdle.” The pelvic girdle, also known as the os coxae, Latin for “bone of the hip,” consists of the fused bones identified individually as the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The ring of this girdle is closed in the anterior by the pubic symphysis between the left and right pubic bones, and in the posterior between the left and right ilia and the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints. The pelvic spine consists of the sacrum and coccyx. Together these two parts form the bony pelvis.
- The movement of the lower extremity supports the head, arm, and trunk
- Control of HAT balance is achieved by reciprocal rotation of the upper extremity and lower extremity.
- Pelvis plays an important role that facilitate gait and respiration
RDP - state of the right side and left side
Right side:
- state of exhalation
- state of stance phase (R PC)
Left side:
- state of inhalation
- state of swing phase (L KC)
RDP and Pelvis position
- In RDP, pelvis is rotated to the right (right pelvic torsion) and COM is shifted over to the right.
- Right torsion of L4-5 and sacrum
- Right sacroiliac distraction
- Left sacroiliac compression - Left ilium is in a state of “flexion” and “external rotation”. Closure of left obturator foremen
- right hip is in a state of “extension” and “internal rotation”
Positional influence of RDP on Pelvic diaphragm (PRL) outlets
L anterior pelvic outlet becomes weak and stretched
- iliococcygeus
- obturator internus
- pubococcygeus
L posterior pelvic outlet becomes strong and tight
- Gluteus Maximus
- Piriformis
- Coccygeus
