Misc

Question 1

define Exophthalmometer

Answer 1

device used to measure amount of exopthalmus (eye protrusion)

Question 2

what is disodium etidronate

Answer 2

Used to treat osteoporosis may be given when patient is getting long term steriod

Question 3

Diabetic retinopathy stages

Answer 3

Non prolif

• asymp
• 8-10 yrs w/ DM
• microaneurysms, exudates, retinal haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, vascular dilatations and calibre variations and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)
• Can progress to prolif

Proliferative

• More common type 1 DM
• Characterised by the development of new vessels (NV) on the optic disc or the retina
• Occurs as a response to significant retinal ischaemia
• New vessels are fragile and may bleed easily ergo vitreous haemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment may occur

Question 4

Sx and signs age related macular degen

Answer 4

>50 yrs

Progressive central loss of vision

Bilateral Pale spots around macula (drusens) (dry)

Large pale area around macula (scarring), haemorrhage around macula) (wet)

Smoking HTN

Question 5

what is high myopia (near sightedness) risk factors for

Answer 5

retinal detachment

Question 6

What is hypermetropia (long sightedness) a risk factor for

Answer 6

acute angle closure

Question 7

Define hyphema

Answer 7

collection of blood in anterior chamber can be caused by infection

Question 8

define hypopyon

Answer 8

Pus in the anterior chamber usually caused by infection

Question 9

Define entropion

Answer 9

eyelid folding inwards

Question 10

define mydriasis

Answer 10

pupil dilation

Question 11

causes of ptosis

Answer 11

• 3rd nn palsy
• Myasthenia gravis
• Horners

Question 12

What does thyriod disease cause optically

Answer 12

Lid retraction

Question 13

What does a facial nn palsy cause optically

Answer 13

Incomplete eye shutting

Question 14

What is suppression in strabismus

Answer 14

Brain adapting to strabismus and ignoring one eye enitrely

Question 16

Difference between amblyopia and strabismus

Answer 16

Strabismus is the misalignment of the eyes when focusing on an object

Amblyopia is an issue with acuity. If one eye is seeing blurry either because it is not aligned (strabismus) or it is being suppressed the acuity will be affected.

Question 17

Treatment of amblyopia

Answer 17

• Done in childhood
• Eye exercises
• Patches

Question 18

most common cause of vision impairment over 65

Answer 18

AMD

Question 19

Treatment of strabismus

Answer 19

• Surgery on xtra occular mm
• Prysms
• Eye exercises

Question 20

Define dextroelevation and levodepression

Answer 20

dextro - to the right

levo - left

elevation - up

depression - down

Question 21

symptoms of glaumcoma

Answer 21

• Blurred vision
• Seeing rainbows around lights
• Both eyes
• Tunnel vision

Question 22

snellen numbers for visual impairment

Answer 22

3/60 to 6/60

Question 23

snellen number for severe impairement

Answer 23

Less than 3/60