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AIM - Cardio > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

missense mutation B-myosin heavy chain

A

hypertrophic CM

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2
Q

mutation in cytoskeletal myocyte proteins

A

dilated CM

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3
Q

diffuse ST elevation (in all leads)

A

pericarditis

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4
Q

PR depression, diffuse ST elevations…

later: T wave inversions

A

pericarditis

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5
Q

Square root sign (dip & plateau)

A

constrictive pericarditis

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6
Q

mechanism of nitrates

A

increase cGMP

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7
Q

nitrates effect on O2 demand

A

DECREASES by:
-vasodilation decreases preload/afterload

Increases by:
-reflex tachycardia

(net decrease)

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8
Q

effect of aspirin?

A

decreases blood viscosity :: decreases O2 demand

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9
Q

do not give _____ with PDE-5 inhibitors

A

do not give NITRATES with PDE-5 inhibitors

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10
Q

acebutolol, pindolol

A
  • B blockers

- have ISA (intrinsic sympathetic activity) :: do NOT give for angina (will increase HR, incr O2 demand)

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11
Q

anterior MI has ST elevation in which leads?

A

V2-V4
I
aVL

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12
Q

inferior MI has ST elevation in which leads?

A

II, III

aVF

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13
Q

downward sloping ST segment depression

A

ischemia

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14
Q

feared outcome of QT prolongation? which drugs?

A

Torsade de Pointes

Class Ia, III (block K+ channels)

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15
Q

rubella associated with

A

patent ductus arteriosus

Pulm artery stenosis

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16
Q

use dependent drugs

A

Class I AA (all)

work better at higher HR

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17
Q

reverse use dependence drugs

A

Class III AA

work better at slower HR

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18
Q

Which AA drugs work on ventricles only?

A

Class Ib

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19
Q

use of calcium channel blockers, non DHP

A

block AV node

SVTs

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20
Q

use of calcium channel blockers, DHP

A

hypertension

chronic stable angina

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21
Q

use of Class Ia drugs

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A

procainamide for WPW

22
Q

use of Class Ib drugs

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A

lidocaine for V Tach

23
Q

use of Class Ic drugs

Study These Flashcards
A

A Fib if normal heart structure

24
Q

digoxin toxicity

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A

delayed after depolarization (V Tach)

25
drugs to lower LDL-C, especially in patients with established ASCVD
PCSK9 inhibitors | Ezetemibe
26
fish oil, fibrates, niacin
lower triglycerides, raise HDL-C | small LDL lowering effect
27
P2Y12 blocker
prevents ADP mediated platelet aggregation
28
type 1 MI
acute thrombotic occlusion
29
type 2 MI
inadequate oxygen supply | NO THROMBUS vasospasm, plaque, supply demand imbalance
30
Limb threatened ischemia
``` 5 Ps Pulselessness Pallor Pain Paralysis Paresthesia ```
31
Tx for chronic claudication
- smoking cessation - muscle training - PDE-5 inhibitor (vasodilate) - statin - surgery (stent/bypass)
32
Type A aortic dissection treatment
urgent surgical repair high risk of rupture/death in 48 hrs
33
Type B aortic dissection treatment
medical therapy | surgery only for critical tissue loss
34
HFrEF
systolic heart failure - reduced contractility due to loss of functional myocardium - dilated LV cavity - can progress to cardiogenic shock
35
causes of HFrEF
- pressure overload (HTN, AS) - volume overload (AR, MR) - toxic - genetic - post viral
36
HFpEF
diastolic heart failure - LVEF >50% - LV hypertrophy with abnormal diastolic relaxation
37
causes of HFpEF
- hypertrophic CM (primary) | - HTN, DM, obesity (secondary)
38
Tx of CHRONIC HF
- ACEi - Beta blockers - ARBs - ICD (esp w HFrEF) Other (no mortality benefit) - restrict Na - digoxin
39
Tx of ACUTE HF
- diuretics - vasodilators (nitrates reduce preload, ACEi reduce afterload) - inotropic agents increase contractility - oxygen - ventricular assist devices - transplant
40
hypovolemic shock
low preload (reduced RA pressure) -GI bleed, diarrhea
41
cardiogenic shock
loss of contractility (reduced CO) | -large MI, acute valvular disorder
42
septic shock
-systemic vasodilation, dehydration (low SVR)
43
obstructive shock
blockage prevents blood flow (increases PA pressure) | -PE
44
fixed split S2
ASD
45
RV heave
ASD
46
harsh systolic murmur and palpable thrill
VSD
47
continuous murmur during systole and diastole
PDA | females, maternal rubella, lithium
48
friction rub
pericarditis
49
pulsus paradoxicus
cardiac tamponade Incr venous return to RV with inspiration. RV cannot expand outward normally. Septum deviates instead. LV fills left due to septal deviation. Decreased systolic pressure with inspiration.
50
S3
associated with high LA pressure --> L HF
51
S4
associated with LV --> diastolic heart failure

AIM - Cardio (16 decks)

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