MISC Haem Information Flashcards
(17 cards)
Pancytopenia
Pancytopenia, a condition characterized by a** deficiency in all three blood cell lines** (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
Cause: bone marrow or nutrition issues e.g. aplastic anaemia
Causes of Pancytopenia
What diseases is anaemia of chronci disease often associated with?
- Renal disease e.g. CKD
- Malignancy
- Chronic infection/inflammation
What is the haematological cuase of jaundice?
If the LFTs are normal, the jaundice is often a haemoltic cause by **haemolysis **
Haemolysis –> breakdown of RBC causeing release of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood –> jaundice
What is included in a haemolysis screen?
Blood film
Reticulocytes
Direct Antiglobulin (Coombs) Test
Bilirubin
LDH
Haptoglobin
What are some general complication of haemolysis?
Gall stones (due to increase bilirubin in bile which can accumilate as stones)
In the clotting cascade where do DOACs work?
MOA of Tranexamic Acid
Why is INR derranged in liver disease?
APTT
- APTT = intrinsic pathway. Plasma + activator added together and look at the time taken for a thrombus to form in the intrinsic and common pathway.
- INR/PT (prothrombin time)
Extrinsic pathway. Plasma + tissue factor added together to time the time taken to me a fibrin clot
What is Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)?
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
In normal clotting, ADAMTS13 is the enzyme that regulates Von Willebrand factors
- TTP: lack of ADAMTS13 stops the regulation of VWF which means that clotting is irregulated and thrombus will form in the mall vessels of vital organs e.g. brain, kidney and heart.
- Sign: low platelets are they are “used up” in the multiple clots that are being formed. Normal INR and ATTP
What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Widespread activation of clotting pathway often due to sepsis . In DIC, the coagulation system is inappropriately activated, leading to the formation of microthrombi (small blood clots) in the microvasculature (small blood vessels
- High INR and AAPT, low platelet (used up in thrombus)
What is the ISTH BAT score?
ISTH BAT score - assesses site and severity of bleeding in lots of different circumstances and liklihood of a bleeding disorder
Summaries Haemophilia A
Summarise Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)
What is aquired haemophilia A?
