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Miscellaneous Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the kidney?

A

-Renin and Erythropoietin Secretion.
-Activation of vitamin D.

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2
Q

What are the excretory functions of the kidneys?

A

-Fluid balance.
-Electrolyte balance.
-Waste removal.
-Acid/base balance.

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3
Q

What can LVH lead to?

A

-Intradialytic hypotension.
-Ischemic heart disease.
-Arrhythmias.
-Myocardial infarction.
-Sudden death.

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4
Q

Sepsis, trauma, anaphylaxis, drugs, and Acute Glomerulonephritis are examples of:

A

Intra-renal causes of AKI.

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5
Q

What are some causes of a more negative pre-pump Arterial Pressure?

A

-Clamped lines.
-Kink in arterial line between vascular access and arterial monitor.
-Clot.
-Increased blood pump speed.
-Needle placement.

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6
Q

What is the dialysate flow pattern that increased the rate of diffusion?

A

Counter-current flow.

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7
Q

What percentage is considered an excessive IDWG?

A

Greater than 5% of the TW.

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8
Q

Patients should be educated to take their phosphate binders when?

A

These are taken with all meals and snacks.

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9
Q

A pre-treatment assessment MUST be completed by a nurse and documented PRIOR to treatment initiation under what conditions?

A

-Abnormal findings on data collection.
-State regulation.
-AKI patient.
-New patient.
-Nurse initiating treatment.

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10
Q

In absence of mentioned conditions, how long does the nurse have to complete and document assessment?

A

1 hour from the start of treatment.

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11
Q

Clotting of a high flux dialyzer will cause the TMP to:

A

Decrease.

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of elevated potassium?

A

-Extreme muscle weakness.
-Abnormal heart rhythm.

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13
Q

What is albumin (protein) needed for?

A

-Growth.
-Health maintenance.
-Infection prevention.
-Wound healing.
-Anemia management.

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14
Q

How far apart do needle tips need to be placed?

A

At least 1.5 inches.

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15
Q

Good needle site rotation and complete needle site clotting techniques prevent which 2 vascular access complications?

A

Prevents the formation of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms.

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16
Q

What are the 3 steps in complete access site evaluation?

A

Look, listen, and feel.

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17
Q

What is the proper use of topical anesthetic spray?

A

-Spray after site disinfection has been completed.
-Hold the can 3-7in. from access site.
-Spray for 4-10sec, until the skin blanches.
-DO NOT frost the skin.

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18
Q

Why is it not necessary to flip the arterial needle?

A

The arterial needle has a back eye and flipping needles can lead to unnecessary access damage.

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19
Q

This cannulator has at least 6 months of AV access cannulation experience and at least 10 successful cannulations on established fistulae:

A

Intermediate cannulator.

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20
Q

What is the required length of time to perform scrub the hub of a CVC?

A

15 seconds.

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21
Q

What is an intervention for muscle cramps?

A

Turning UF off.

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22
Q

What complication is the placed in Left Side Trendelenburg position for?

A

Air embolism.

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23
Q

True/False:

Hypotension and Hypovolemia are associated with increased mortality rates.

24
Q

What are the interventions for a patient experiencing chest pain?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Decreased BFR (150ml/min) and UFR.
-Take vital signs.
-Administer Oxygen.

25
For a patient experiencing an Anaphylactic Reaction, what should you do?
-Stop suspected therapy. -Stop blood pump. -Discontinue treatment. -DO NOT return blood.
26
What is the definition of a fever?
Any temperature > than 100*F or 2* rise over baseline with accompanying symptoms.
27
True/False: The RO (reverse osmosis) is the primary device for purifying water used in dialysis.
True.
28
For a patient experiencing a seizure, why would you discontinue the dialysis treatment?
If the seizure is severe or the patient does not respond to interventions.
29
When listening to your patient's access, a whistling sound could indicate what type of stenosis?
An outflow stenosis.
30
What is health literacy?
The degree to which individuals understand basic health information.
31
On a survey, a covered access can result in which type of deficiency?
Immediate jeopardy.
32
If your patient does not receive an intradialytic Heparin infusion, what should be done with the Heparin line?
Clamp and knot the line.
33
What is considered an abnormal post-treatment BP for a patient who can stand?
-Standing systolic BP greater than 140mm/Hg or less than 90mm/Hg. -Standing diastolic BP greater than 90mm/Hg or less than 50mm/Hg.
34
In a dialysis patient, this is the most common type of infectious complications:
Vascular access infection.
35
Of the 3 different types Vascular access, which one is the most common factor contributing to bacterial infections in dialysis patients?
Central Venous Catheters (CVCs).
36
What is the most common route by which pathogens are transmitted in a healthcare setting?
Contact transmission.
37
What is the single most important intervention in preventing HAIs?
Hand hygiene.
38
What are the 2 times you must use soap and H20 to perform hand hygiene and not use hand sanitizer?
-When hands/gloves are visibly soiled. -When caring for patient with an active C-Diff infection.
39
This test is performed monthly on Hepatitis B susceptible patients:
HbsAg - Hepatitis B surface Antigen.
40
What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 17g?
-Suggested BFR of 200-250ml/min. -No more negative than -150mm/Hg.
41
What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 16g?
-Suggested BFR of 250-350ml/min. -No more negative than -200mm/Hg.
42
What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 15g?
-Suggested BFR of 350-450ml/min. -No more negative than -220mm/Hg.
43
What is the suggested BFR and anticipated pre-pump arterial pressure limit for a 14g?
-Suggested BFR of >450 ml/min. -No more negative than -260mm/Hg.
44
What is the recommended maximum UFR/hr?
13 ml/kg/hr.
45
How long does the RO need to run before performing a chlorine/Chloramine test?
15 minutes.
46
When is the daily water hardness test performed?
End of the day.
47
What is the 1st response to a final water quality alarm?
Place all machines into bypass.
48
What are some reasons for a machine conductivity alarm?
-Equipment failure. -Debris or precipitate in the lines or filter. -Absence of concentrate or incorrect concentrate preparation.
49
What is the acceptable Total Chlorine testing limits?
Less than or equal to 0.1ppm.
50
Cherry-red colored blood in the venous line is a sign of which patient complication?
Hemolysis.
51
What does the Urea Reduction Ration (URR) calculate?
The amount of urea removed during dialysis treatment.
52
For an AKI patient, why is being "wet" better than being too dry?
Being "wet" helps avoid hypovolemia and hypotensive episodes.
53
Factors influencing K (Clearance):
-The dialyzer's surface area and membrane characteristics. -Adequate anticoagulation. -Blood Flow Rate (BFR). -Total Blood Volume processed (BVP). -Dialysis Flow Rate (DFR). -UF goal.
54
Factors influencing t (time):
-Longer blood/dialysate contact time. -More frequent or extra treatments.
55
Factors influencing V (Volume):
-A person's height, weight, sex, age, and amputations are including in calculating V. -On average, a person's body is composed of 50-55% water.
56
How long do you wait after lowering the blood pump speed before drawing the post-treatment Kt/V?
15 seconds.

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