Module 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis?
1) Ultrafiltration
2) Convection
3) Diffusion
4) Osmosis
Explain the ultrafiltration transport mechanism.
Fluid is pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM).
Explain the convection transport mechanism.
Solutes are dragged across the SPM along with fluid.
Explain the diffusion transport mechanism.
Particles more from an area of high concentration to low.
Explain the osmosis transport mechanism.
Fluid moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration.
What are the kidneys’ excretory functions?
To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance.
How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions?
By normalizing electrolytes and providing fluid balance through ultrafiltration.
What is the function of the acid concentrate?
Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion.
What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution?
Buffers the acid concentrate.
What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient’s blood?
Normalizes body pH.
What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia?
> 6.5 mEq symptoms: extreme muscles weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest.
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia?
< 3.5 mEq symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest.
What is the normal range of of blood pH?
7.35 - 7.45
What are the kidneys’ endocrine functions?
Renin secretion, Erythropoietin secretion, and vitamin D activation.
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?
Provide medications.
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis?
15%
What is uremia and what does it affect?
Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and it affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the USA?
Diabetes, Hypertension, and Polycystic Kidney Disease.
What are the treatment goals for a patient with CKD?
1) Slowing the progression of CKD.
2) Managing comorbidities and complications.
3) Controlling symptoms.
4) Minimizing effects of CKD on patient’s lifestyle.
5) Kidney replacement therapy modality education.
6) Encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare.
Why is it so important to know the cause of a patient’s CKD?
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessment.
What are the signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance?
Hypertension, edema, and shortness of breath.
Why is sodium balance important?
Leads to volume expansion, increased CO, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased BP.
