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Miscellaneous Flashcards

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1
Q

HBV vaccine:

  • recombinant or live?
  • schedule?
A
  • recombinant

- 3x w/in 1st year

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2
Q

DTaP vaccine:

  • Type of vaccine?
  • timing?
  • Don’t give to whom?
A
  • inactivated, with acellular pertussis
  • 2, 4 and 6 months with boosters at 12-18 months and 6 years)
  • ≥7yo (Give dT)
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3
Q

IPV:

- timing?

A

2 and 4 months with boosters around 1 year and 4-6 years

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4
Q

HIB vaccine:

  • type?
  • timing?
A
  • conjugate

- 3x in 1st year

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5
Q

MMR vaccine:

  • type?
  • schedule?
A
  • live attenuated

- give around 1yr with booster

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6
Q

Varicella vaccine

  • type?
  • timing?
A
  • live attenuated

- 12-18 months

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7
Q

Hep A vaccine:

  • type?
  • give after __ yrs
A
  • inactivated

- 2 yrs, with booster

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8
Q

Pneumovax

  • __ strains covered?
  • not effective in children younger than __ years
A
  • 23

- 2

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9
Q

Prevnar covers __ serotypes and is recommended for?

A
  • 7

- children

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10
Q

Which vaccines have most common side effects?

A

Live: MMR and varicella
(fever and rash
may occur 1–2 weeks after immunization)

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11
Q

do not give vaccines if temperature >__C or have history of ___ after prior vaccinations

A

> 40.5C

seizures or anaphylaxis, or inconsolable crying lasting ≥3 hrs after vaccination

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12
Q

maternal SLE puts baby at risk for

A

congenital heart block (3rd degree, 20% mortality, require pacing)

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13
Q

maternal ITP puts baby at increased risk for

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

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14
Q

effects of maternal Grave’s disease on baby

A

intrauterine growth restriction,
prematurity,
goiter (may cause tracheal obstruction),
exophthalmos, stare,
craniosynostosis (usually coronal),
flushing,
heart failure, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension,
hypoglycemia,
thrombocytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly.

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15
Q

teratogen: alcohol

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome, microcephaly, congenital heart disease

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16
Q

teratogen: aminopterin:

A

Mesomelia, cranial dysplasia

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17
Q

teratogen: coumarin

A

Hypoplastic nasal bridge, chondrodysplasia punctata

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18
Q

teratogen: folic acid antagonists

A

Neural tube, cardiovascular, renal, and oral cleft defects

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19
Q

teratogen: isotretinoin

A

Facial and ear anomalies, congenital heart disease

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20
Q

teratogen: silbestrol (DES)

A

Vaginal adenocarcinoma during adolescence

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21
Q

teratogen: thalidomide

A

phocomelia

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22
Q

teratogen: toluene

A

Fetal alcohol–like syndrome, preterm labor

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23
Q

teratogen: valproate

A

spina bifida

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24
Q

cyanosis is evident where there are __g of unsaturated Hgb

A

5g

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25
name 4 causes of decreased RBC production in a neonate
1. congenital RBC aplasia (Diamond-Blackfan) 2. infection (Parvo, rubella, etc) 3. nutritional deficiencies (prot, iron, folate, B12) 4. congenital leukemia
26
hyperviscosity produces symptoms when Hct is >__%
65%
27
newborn presents with purpura, petechiae, and ICH. suspect what?
isoimmune thrombocytopenia (anit-plt Ab produced by the HPLA1-neg mohter after sensitization to specific paternal plt antigen - similar to erythroblastosis fetalis)
28
Cardiac defect(s) associated with T21
AV canal, VSD
29
Cardiac defect(s) associated with Turners
CoA, AS
30
Cardiac defect(s) associated with CHARGE
conotruncal (ToF, truncus)
31
Cardiac defect(s) associated with Marfan's (AD)
aortic root aneurysm +/- dissection | MVP
32
Cardiac defect(s) associated with HCM (AD)
outflow tract obstruction | arrhythmias
33
Cardiac defect(s) associated with Noonan syndrome (AD)
HCM, PS
34
Cardiac defect(s) associated with Tuberous sclerosis
rhabdomyoma
35
Cardiac defect(s) associated with Romano-Ward (AD)
Prolonged QT
36
Cardiac defect(s) associated with Jervell-Lange-Nielsen (AR)
Prolonged QT and SNHL
37
what is proper BP cuff size?
70% of length from acromion to olecranon
38
if HTN is detected in one BP reading, what is next step?
4 extremity BPs
39
pulsus paradoxus - worry about __ and __
tamponade or bad asthma
40
Loud S2?
pulmonary HTN
41
mid-systolic click?
MVP
42
ejection click?
AS or PS
43
fixed, split S2? __, __ or __
ASD, RBBB, or PS
44
By ___, pulmonary resistance drops and the LV becomes dominant
6 weeks - important for detecting VSD or PDA, TA, non-obstructed TAPVR
45
which congenital heart defect is most likely to present on DOL#1?
Transposition w/o VSD
46
Child with claudication, check for __?
CoA
47
infant presents on DOL2-4 in shock, with tachycardia, a murmur, hepatomegally and poor femoral pulses. what will you give him/her?
PGE1 - likely an obstructive CHD (HLHS, PA, Critical PS or AS/CoA/IAA
48
CHD present at birth (3)
ToF, Ebstein's, Tricuspid atresia
49
Truncus A will cause increased or decreased pulmonary blood flow?
increased
50
treat TGA w/o VSD?
emergent balloon septostomy - PGE1 is not effective palliation
51
2 MCC of infective endocarditis?
S. aureus and Viridans strep
52
#1 cause of acquired heart disease in US?
Kawasaki disease
53
subacute presentation of kawasaki's?
thrombocytosis, hand/foot peeling
54
Prognosis of kawasaki's w/o and w/ IVIG?
coronary artery dilation 15-25% w/o IVIG | 4% w/ IVIG
55
how does RF present?
``` arthritis carditis syndenham's nodules rash ```
56
Etiology of myocarditis?
viral: Coxsackie B, adeno, parvo Other: RF, KD, SLE, drugs, Chagas
57
viral prodrome followed by CHF?
myocarditis
58
5 causes of pericarditis
``` viral RF JRA SLE post-op uremia ```
59
babe presents with poor feeding, lethargy and pulse >220...
accessory pathway, AVN re-entry, atrial flutter
60
Tx LQTS?
B-blocker | Mg for TdP
61
what dysrhythmia is associated with Ebstein's anomaly
WPW
62
what dysrhythmia is associated with MVP
palpitations
63
what dysrhythmia is associated with Lyme disease
AV block (1st degree)
64
what dysrhythmia is associated with anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism
sinus tach
65
what dysrhythmia is associated with maternal SLE
heart block - anti-Ro and -La Ab
66
eczema, unusual infections and thrombocytopenia?
Wiskott-Aldrich
67
Suspect T-cell deficiency, e.g. 22q11.2del syndrome - confirmatory test?
intradermal skin test using Candida albicans - no response
68
vitamin deficiency suspected in the presence of cheilosis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis and various ocular problems
Riboflavin
69
seizures, dermatitis, periphral neuritis, and microcytic anemia - vitamin deficiency?
B6 (pyridoxine)
70
loss of paternal copy of 15q11-q13?
Prader Willi
71
painless hematuria in SCD pts is likely due to
renal papillary necrosis or ischemia
72
MCC cardiac defects in T21 (3)
complete AV canal/septal defect VSD ASD
73
Tx for ITP with petechiae only?
observe. IVIG with bleeding
74
child with scaly, slightly erythematous patch on scalp with hair loss - tx?
oral griseofulvin
75
differentiate Niemann-Pick vs. Tay-Sachs?
NP has HSM
76
pathology of Niemann-Pick?
Sphingomyelinase deficiency
77
Pathology of Tay-sachs?
B-hexosaminidase deficiency
78
female with short stature, no puberty, and no sense of smell?
Kallmann syndrome (XX) - lack of GnRH secretion
79
physiologic effect of valsalva on the heart?
decreased preload - makes HCM murmur louder
80
infant presenting with vomiting, poor weight gain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, convulsions, and cataracts - suspect?
galactosemia - deficiency of galactose-1-P uridyl transferase
81
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia?
niacin (B3) deficiency
82
renal diseases associated with Hep B?
membranous nephropathy | MPGNephritis (less common)
83
gold standard test to diagnose hereditary spherocytosis?
Acidified glycerol lysis test

Pediatrics (5 decks)

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