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Pharmacology Test 3 > miscellaneous > Flashcards

miscellaneous Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Saw Palmetto: class

A
  • BPH agent
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2
Q

Saw Palmetto: MOA

A
  • Exerts antiandrogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties in prostate tissue resulting in improvement in BPH symptoms
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3
Q

Saw Palmetto: Indications

A
  • taken to relieve urinary symptoms assoc with BPH
    • takes 1-2 mos to develop effects
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4
Q

Saw Palmetto: SEs

A
  • n/v
  • constipation
  • headache
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5
Q

Saw Palmetto: nursing implications

A
  • contraindications: pregnancy, breast feeding
  • take on a full stomach
  • does not alter size of prostate, but can relieve symptoms of BPH
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6
Q

St. John’s Wort:class

A
  • anti-depressant
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7
Q

St. John’s Wort: MOA

A
  • can dec uptake of serotonin, NE, and dopamine
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8
Q

St. John’s Wort: Indications

A
  • mild to moderate depression
  • topically to manage local infection
  • orally to relieve pain and inflammation
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9
Q

St. John’s Wort: SEs

A
  • allergic skin rxns
  • CNS effects: insomnia, vivid dreams, restlessness, anxiety, agitation, irritability
  • GI discomfort
  • dry mouth
  • phototoxicity
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10
Q

St. John’s Wort: nursing implications

A
  • do not consume grapefruit juice
  • to reduce risk of phototoxicity, light skinned ppl should avoid exposure to sun, wear protective clothing, apply sunscreen
  • do not use alcohol
  • May potentiate effect of sedatives and side effects of other antidepressants.
  • take for 4-6 wks and if no improvement, try other therapy
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11
Q

glucosamine: class

A
  • anti-rheumatic
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12
Q

glucosamine: MOA

A
  • stimulating cartilage and synovial tissue metabolism
  • stimulates activity of chondrocytes to make cartilage and synovial fluid
  • suppress production of cytokines that mediate joint inflammation
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13
Q

glucosamine: indications

A
  • osteoarthritis of knee, hip, and wrist
  • TMJ arthritis
  • glaucoma
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14
Q

glucosamine: SEs

A
  • GI: nausea, heartburn
  • headache
  • drowsiness
  • skin rxns
  • hyperglycemia
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15
Q

glucosamine: nursing implications

A
  • contraindicated with a shellfish allergy and in pregnancy
  • produced from shellfish exoskeleton so should be used in caution with pts with a shellfish allergy
  • take prior to meals
  • monitor glucose
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16
Q

Coenzyme Q-10: class

A
  • antioxidant
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17
Q

Coenzyme Q-10: MOA

A
  • important for mitochondrial ATP generation
  • highest concentrations are found in the heart, liver, kidney, and pancreas
  • potent anti-oxidant
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18
Q

Coenzyme Q-10: indications

A
  • HF and muscle injuury
    • caused by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)
  • mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
  • muscular dystrophy
  • immune stimulant in HIV infection
  • Parkinson’s dz
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19
Q

Coenzyme Q-10: SEs

A
  • GI disturbances: gastritis, reduced appetite, nausea, diarrhea
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20
Q

Coenzyme Q-10: nursing implications

A
  • may antagonize effects of warfarin
  • drugs that inhibit synthesis of cholesterol can also inhibit synthesis of CoQ-10 and cause endogenous levels of CoQ-10 to drop
  • Administer with a meal containing fat for optimal absorption.
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21
Q

ACTH: class

A
  • polypeptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary
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22
Q

ACTH: MOA

A
  • acts on adrenal cortex to stimulate production and release of adrenocortical hormones (ie. cortisol, aldosterone)
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23
Q

ACTH: indications

A
  • diagnosis of adrenocortical dysfunction
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24
Q

ACTH: SEs

A
  • HTN
  • weight gain
  • irritability
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25
ACTH: ADRs
* diabetes * skin rxns * suppression of the immune system
26
ACTH: nursing implications
* Routine monitoring of blood, urine, and blood pressure * monitor blood glucose
27
enoxaparin: class
* antithrombotic * low molecular weight heparin * anti-coagulant
28
enoxaparin: MOA
* Potentiates the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin.
29
enoxaparin: indications
* prevention of DVT following hip/knee replacement surgery or in abdominal surgery in pts at high risk of thromboembolic complications * preventing ischemic complications in pts with angina, MI, STEMI
30
enoxaparin: SEs
* erythema at injection site * bleeding * anemia * hematoma * osteoporosis * pruritus * rash
31
enoxaparin: ADRs
* hemorrhage * thrombocytopenia * severe neurologic injury: paralysis
32
enoxaparin: nursing implications
* antidote: protamine sulfate * report symptoms of abnormal bleeding * do not take aspirin or ibuprofen * can be used at home and do not require PTT monitoring
33
epinephrine: class
* adrenergic agonist of alpha 1/2, beta 1/2 * anti-asthma * bronchodilator * catecholamine
34
epinephrine: MOA
* sympathomimetic * on alpha Rs--vasoconstriction
35
epinephrine: indications on alpha 1 receptors
* vasoconstriction * delay absorption of local anethetics * control superficial bleeding * elevate BP
36
epinephrine: indications on beta 1 receptors
* overcome AV heart block * restore cardiac fcn in pts in cardiac arrest with v fib, pulseless v tach, pulseless electrical activity, asystole
37
epinephrine: indications on beta 2 receptors
* bronchodilation of pts with asthma
38
epinephrine: indication due to activation of both alpha and beta receptors
* anaphylactic shock
39
epinephrine: SEs
* angina * hyperglycemia
40
epinephrine: ADRs
* HTN crisis * dysrhythmias * necrosis following extravasation
41
epinephrine: nursing implications
* exercise caution when administering IV b/c can cause extravasation * monitor blood glucose * monitor EKG * administer 2 for anaphylaxis * effects of epi can be modified by MAO inhibitors, TCAs, anesthetics, adrenergic blocking agents
42
norepinephrine: class
* adrenergic agonist * works on alpha 1/2, beta 1 * catecholamine * vasopressor
43
norepinephrine: MOA
* Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors located mainly in blood vessels, causing constriction of both capacitance and resistance vessels. * Also has minor beta-adrenergic activity (myocardial stimulation).
44
norepinephrine: indications
* hypotensive state * cardiac arrest
45
norepinephrine: SEs
* angina
46
norepinephrine: ADRs
* HTN crisis * dysrhythmias * necrosis following extravasation
47
norepinephrine: nursing implications
* effects of NE can be modified by MAO inhibitors, TCAs, anesthetics, adrenergic blocking agents * exercise caution when administering IV b/c can cause extravasation
48
fludrocortisone: class
* mineralocorticoid
49
fludrocortisone: MOA
* suppresses glucocorticoid activity * acts like aldosterone * holds onto Na to hold onto water
50
fludrocortisone: indications
* primary adrenal insufficiency * primary hypoaldosteronism * CAH * \*\*most times you should use it with a glucocorticoid
51
fludrocortisone: SEs
* dizziness * headache * adrenal suppression * weight gain * muscle weakness
52
fludrocortisone: ADRs
* excess salt and water retained and K+ lost * inc blood volume * HTN * edema * cardiac enlargement * hypokalemia * HF
53
fludrocortisone: nursing implications
* monitor weight, BP, K+ levels * carry medic alert information
54
glucagon: class
* polypeptide hormone produced by alpha of the pancreas
55
glucagon: MOA
* has effects on carb metabolism that are opposite those of insulin * acts on liver and muscles * promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose, reduces conversion of glucose to glycogen, and stimulates synthesis of glucose * causes plasma glucose to rise * promotes relaxation of GI smooth muscle
56
glucagon: indications
* severe hypoglycemia * antidote to beta blockers, CCBs
57
glucagon: SEs
* nausea * vomiting * hypotension
58
glucagon: ADRs
* anaphylaxis
59
glucagon: nursing implications
* monitor blood glucose * if available, use IV glucose instead of glucagon to raise blood sugar b/c it works faster than glucagon * glucagon takes 20 min or so * cannot correct hypoglycemia caused by starvation b/c it acts by breakdown of glycogen
60
bupropion: class
* antidepressant * smoking deterrent
61
buproprion: MOA
* stimulant * blockade of dopamine/NE reuptake
62
bupropion: indications
* major depressive disorder * prevention of seasonal affective disorder * smoking cessation * unlabeled use: relief of neuropathic pain, tx of depressive disorders in bipolar, mgmt of ADHD
63
bupropion: SEs
* agitation * headache * dry mouth * constipation * weight loss * photosensitivity * tremor * insomnia * blurred vision * inc sexual desire * psychotic symptoms: hallucinations, delusions
64
bupropion: ADRs
* suicide risk in children, adolescents, young adults * seizures
65
bupropion: nursing implications
* contraindicated: seizure disorders, breast feeding * exercise extreme caution in children b/c of inc risk of suicide * to reduce risk of seizures: * avoid doses above 450 mg/day * avoid in pts with other seizure risk factors * avoid bedtime doses b/c can cause insomnia * for SAD: Begin administration in autumn prior to the onset of depressive symptoms. Continue therapy through winter and begin to taper and discontinue in early spring. * may need to take for at least 4 weeks to see effects * Inform patient that frequent mouth rinses, good oral hygiene, and sugarless gum or candy may minimize dry mouth. * use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity reactions.
66
buspirone: class
* anxiolytic drug * anti-anxiety
67
buspirone: MOA
* NOT a CNS depressant * binds with high affinity to receptors for serotonin and with lower affinity to receptors for dopamine
68
buspirone: indication
* generalized anxiety disorder
69
buspirone: SEs
* dizziness * nausea * headache * nervousness * sedation * lightheadedness * excitement * fatigue * blurred vision * tachycardia * angina * rashes * myalgia * numbness * paresthesia * clamminess
70
buspirone: nursing implications
* contraindicated: hepatic/renal impairment * no withdrawal symptoms noticed * do not consume grapefruit juice * no abuse potential and does not intensify the effectsof CNS depressants (benzos, alcohol, barbiturates) * effects take weeks to appear * so NOT suitable for PRN use * can take with food
71
buspirone and benzodiazepines
* buspirone is an attractie alternative to benzos in pts who require long term therapy but cannot tolerate benzo induced sedation * buspirone doesn't display cross dependence with benzos * so, when pts are switched from a benzo to buspirone, the benzo must be tapered slowly * since the effects of buspirone are delayed, buspirone should be initiated 2-4 weeks before beginning benzo withdrawal

Pharmacology Test 3 (10 decks)

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