Miscellaneous

Question 1

Treatment for Paracetamol overdose

Answer 1

IV N-acetylcysteine

Question 2

Treatment for Opiate overdose

Answer 2

Naloxone

IM if non-medical
Intravenous injection if medical/post-op respiratory depression

Question 3

Treatment for Aspirin overdose

Answer 3

Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 4

Treatment for Benzodiazepine overdose

Answer 4

Flumezanil

Question 5

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning

Answer 5

Atropine

Question 6

Management of STEMI (Acute)

Answer 6

Aim is to relieve pain, promote re-perfusion and reduce mortality:

Morphine 2-4mg IV every 15 minutes 
Metoclopramide 10mg IV
Oxygen 15L/min non-rebreather mask
Nitrates (GTN)
Anti-platelet (Aspirin and Clopidogrel 300mg oral)
Beta-blockers
ACEi

Question 7

Management of STEMI (long-term)

Answer 7

Aspirin 75mg oral
Beta-blocker (metoprolol, propanolol, timolol)
CCB if BB CI (verapamil)
ACEi
Nitrates

Question 8

Hereditary pattern: Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 8

Autosomal Dominant

Question 9

Hereditary pattern: Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 9

Autosomal Recessive

Question 10

Hereditary pattern: Haemophilia

Answer 10

X-linked recessive

Question 11

Hereditary pattern: Thalassaemia

Answer 11

Autosomal Recessive

Question 12

Hereditary pattern: Huntingdon’s disease

Answer 12

Autosomal Dominant

Question 13

Hereditary pattern: Marfan’s Syndrome

Answer 13

Autosomal Dominant

Question 14

Hereditary pattern: Sickle Cell Disease

Answer 14

Autosomall Recessive

Question 15

Hereditary pattern: Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Answer 15

Autosomal Dominant

Question 16

Hereditary pattern: Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Answer 16

Autosomal Dominant

Question 17

Hereditary pattern: G6PD Deficiency

Answer 17

X-linked Recessive

Question 18

Hereditary pattern: Red-Green Colour blindness

Answer 18

X-linked recessive

Question 19

Hereditary pattern: Von Willebrand Disease I, II, III

Answer 19

I: Autosomal Dominant
II: Autosomal Dominant
III: Autosomal Recessive

Question 20

Hereditary pattern: Ehler’s Danlos

Answer 20

Autosomal Dominant

Question 21

Hereditary pattern: Glanzann’s Thrombasthenia

Answer 21

Lack of GIp IIb/IIIa -> no platelet aggregation (via fibrinogen)

Autosomal Recessive

Question 22

Hereditary pattern: Bernard Soulier Syndrome

Answer 22

Lack of GIp Ib -> no platelet adhesion (via vWF)

Autosomal Recessive

Question 23

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is associated with: (multiple)

a. Reed Sternberg Cells
b. CMV
c. EBV
d. Tender lymphadenopathy
e. Non-tender lymphadenopathy
f. Pruritis
g. Bone pain
h. jaundice
i. HIV
j. B symptoms
k. Fewer Constitutional symptoms
l. Commin in Men
m. Extranodal spread
n. Localised group of nodes
o. B or T cells
p. Bimodal age distribution (young and old)
q. 20-40 year olds

Answer 23

Reed-Sternberg Cells
EBV
Non-tender lymphadenopathy (pain with alcohol drinking)
Pruritis
B symptoms
Common in Men
Localised node spread
Bimodal age distribution

Question 24

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is associated with: (multiple)

a. Reed Sternberg Cells
b. CMV
c. EBV
d. Tender lymphadenopathy
e. Non-tender lymphadenopathy
f. Pruritis
g. Bone pain
h. jaundice
i. HIV
j. B symptoms
k. Fewer Constitutional symptoms
l. Commin in Men
m. Extranodal spread
n. Localised group of nodes
o. B or T cells
p. Bimodal age distribution (young and old)
q. 20-40 year olds

Answer 24

Non-Tender lymphadenoapthy 
Fewer constitutinal symptoms
Extranodal spread (other organs e.g. bone, spleen)
B or T cells
20-40 year olds

Question 25

Cough productive of large volumes and can be rusty-coloured. Recurrent infections with other symptoms such as haemoptysis, dyspnoea, chest pain, weight loss. On auscultation it is coarse crepitations and wheeze

Answer 25

Bronchiectasis

Question 26

SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease where there are varieties of antibodies against self-antigens, resulting in wide-spread tissue damage. SLE is diagnosed if 4 of 11 of which criteria are met?

Answer 26

SOAP BRAIN MD Serositis (pleuritis, paricarditis) Oral Arthritis (non-erosive) Photosensitivity Blood disorders (Haemolytic anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) Renal disorders (proteinuria, red cell casts) ANA Immunological disorders (anti-dsDNA/phospholipid antibodies) Neuro disease (psychosis, seizures) Malar rash Discoid rash

Question 27

Three organisms that cause a cavitating lesion in the lungs with background history of cough, fever, SoB

Answer 27

Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae | TB

Question 28

Name the four histopathological types of malignant melanoma

Answer 28

1. Superficial spreading (arises from naevi already there. Darkening of area and spread radially as supposed to vertically. 'Slowly changing mole' 2. Nodular (rapidly grows out of skin from no previous naevi and grow vertically as blue-black or blue-red mole) 3. Acral Lentiginous (Brown-black macules confined in the soles and palms of feet and hands. Irregular borders) 4. Lentigo (arises from sun-exposed skin. Large, dark and can be nodular

Question 29

Cardiac Tamponade is characterised by Beck's Triad, which is;

Answer 29

1. Muffled heart sounds 2. Raised JVP 3. HYPOtension