Miscellaneous ENT Flashcards by K D | Brainscape

Q

Cholesteatoma definition

A

Locally destructive expansion of stratified squamous epithelium

Middle ear

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Types of cholesteatoma

A

Congenital

Acquired

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Acquired cholesteatoma causes

A

Attic perforation in chronic OM

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Presentation of cholesteatoma

A

Foul smelling white discharge

Pain / Headache

Cranial nerve involvement

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Cranial nerve sx of cholesteatoma

A

Vertigo

Deafness

Bell’s palsy

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Examination findings of cholesteatoma

A

Pearly white

Surrounding inflammation

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Complications of cholesteatoma

A

Ossicle destruction (deafness)

Meningitis

Cerebral abscess

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Mx of cholesteatoma

A

“Surgery”

That’s a direct quote

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Causes of facial nerve palsy

A

Bell’s palsy

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

Lyme disease

Stroke

Acoustic neuroma

Parotid tumour

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Features of Bell’s palsy

A

Unilateral facial weakness

Sudden onset

No forehead sparing

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Other name for Bell’s palsy

A

Idiopathic facial nerve palsy

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Prognosis of Bell’s palsy

A

Usually complete recovery in few wks

~15% have axonal degeneration (recovery around 3months)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Mx of Bell’s palsy

A

< 72 hrs steroids speed recovery

Eye care

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Eye care for Bell’s palsy

A

Regular manual eyelid closure

Tape eye closed at night

Artificial tears if needed

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Types of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Seasonal (Hayfever)

Perennial

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Perennial rhinosinusitis definition

A

Occurs year round

Eg. pet hair, mould

Q

Pathology for allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

IgE mediated

Q

Sx of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Sneezing

Pruritis

Rhinorrhoea

Nasal polyps

Q

Ix for allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Skin prick test

RAST test

Q

RAST test

A

Radioallergosorbent test

Blood test of IgE antibodies

Finds allergens

Q

Mx of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Allergen avoidance

Medical mx

Q

1st line medical mx of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Antihistamines OR Beclometasone nasal spray

Q

Antihistamines used for allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Cetirazine

Loratidine

Q

2nd line mx of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Steroid nasal spray + antihistamine

Q

3rd line mx of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Leukotrine receptor antaganoist

Q

4th line mx of allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Immunotherapy

Induces desensitization to allergen

Q

Adjuvant therapy for allergic rhinosinusitis

A

Pseudoephedrine

Q

Sx of sinusitis

A

Dull ache over frontal / maxillary sinuses

+/- post nasal drip

Pain worse on bending forward

Coryza

Q

Prognosis of sinusitis

A

Pain lasts 1-2 wks

Q

Ix for sinusitis

A

CT

Rarely needed

Q

Leucoplakia definition

A

White patch on oral mucosa

Does not rub off

Premalignant

Q

Oral hairy leucoplakia definition

A

Shaggy white patch

On side of tongue

Q

Causes of oral hairy leucoplakia

A

EBV

Seen in HIV

Q

Aphthous ulcers definition

A

Shallow, painful ulcers

Tongue / oral mucosa

Heal w/o scarring

Not severe

Q

Causes of severe oral ulcers

A

Crohn’s

Behcet’s

Pemphigoid / Pemphigus

Q

Rx of minor oral ulcers

A

Avoid oral trauma

Avoid acidic drink/food

Tetracycline / antimicrobial mouth wash

Q

Rx of major oral ulcers

A

Oral prednisolone

Thalidomide

Q

Follow up for oral ulcers

A

Biopsy any ulcer not healing after 3 weeks

Exclude malignancy