Mitochondria Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the shape and size of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are flexible, rod-shaped organelles with a diameter of 0.5 μm and a length of approximately 7.0 μm.
How variable is the number of mitochondria in human cells?
The number of mitochondria varies in human cells; for example, they are abundant in hepatocytes with about 2000 mitochondria and in muscle cells.
What are some functions of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are self-replicating, contain their own DNA, perform oxidative phosphorylation, and are involved in lipid synthesis.
What is the primary role of mitochondria in the cell?
Mitochondria are considered the powerhouse of the cell.
How do mitochondria regulate calcium levels?
Mitochondria control calcium levels within the cytoplasm
What structural feature of mitochondria increases their internal surface area?
Cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane for ATP synthase and the respiratory chain.
What are the characteristics of the outer mitochondrial membrane?
The outer membrane is relatively permeable to small molecules, making the contents of the inter-membrane space resemble the cytosol.
What types of proteins are found on the outer mitochondrial membrane?
Proteins located on the outer membrane are responsible for the formation of mitochondrial lipids.
What distinguishes the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is rich in phospholipids, particularly cardiolipin, which makes it permeable to ions, electrons, and protons.
What is found in the mitochondrial matrix?
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Mitochondria
They are flexible, rod-shape organelles; with diameter of 0.5 girth and ~7.0μ length.
Their number are variable in human cells; e.g. they are abundant in hepatocytes (~2000) and muscles.
Mitochondria are self replicating and possess their own DNA, and perform oxidative phosphorylation and lipid synthesis.Mitochondria considered as the power house of the cell.
They also control calcium level within the cytoplasm.Cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane for ATP synthase and the respiratory chain; and also their number are related directly to the energy requirement of the cell.
The outer membrane is relatively permeable to small molecules, so the contents of the inter-membrane space resemble the cytosol.
Other proteins located on the outer membrane are responsible for the formation of mitochondrial lipids.The inner mitochondrial membrane is richly endowed with phospholipids (Cardiolipin) that makes it permeable to ions, electrons and protons.
The inner and outer membranes possess receptor molecules that recognize the transported macromolecules and the cytosolic carrier molecules and chaperones responsible for their delivery.The matrix space is filled with dense composed of 50% protein, mainly enzymes responsible for degradation of fatty acids and pyruvate to the metabolic intermediate acetyl CoA and the subsequent oxidation of this intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle.
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The matrix space is dense, composed of about 50% protein, mainly enzymes responsible for the degradation of fatty acids and pyruvate to acetyl CoA for subsequent oxidation in the Krebs cycle.
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