Mitosis

Question 1

what are the stages of mitosis

Answer 1

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 2

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 2

has pairs of chromosomes.

Question 3

what is produced during mitosis?

Answer 3

two identical diploid daughter cells.

Question 4

When should mitosis take place and what is it used for?

Answer 4

takes place when we want identical copies of a cell
used for asexual reproduction

Question 5

What is the role of mitosis

Answer 5

the nucleus divides into two nuclei

Question 6

what is the role of cytokinesis

Answer 6

the cell divides into two

Question 7

what occurs in interphase

Answer 7

DNA replication

Question 8

What are the chromosomes like in the nucleus during interphase?

Answer 8

not visible as distinct structures
we see dark material
Chromatin

Question 9

What is chromatin and why is it advantageous?

Answer 9

it is a loose open structure
it means DNA is accessible for transcription and translation.

Question 10

What happens in Prophase

Answer 10

• chromosomes condense and become visible.
• the nucleolus disappears
• nuclear membrane breaks down
• pair of centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
• proteins begin to form spindle fibres which attach to the centromere of each chromosome
• spindle fibres start to move chromosomes to the centre of the cell.

Question 11

What happens in Metaphase

Answer 11

spindle apparatus has completely formed
chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell.

Question 12

what happens in Anaphase?

Answer 12

• the centromere divides into two and the spindle fibres begin to shorten
• this pulls the sister chromatids to either poles of the cell.

Question 13

what happens in Telophase

Answer 13

-chromatids have reached the poles of the cell
- now referred to as chromosomes
- the spindle apparatus breaks down and the nuclear membrane reforms
- chromosomes uncoil back into their chromatin state
- the nucleolus reappears

Question 14

What happens in Cytokinesis

Answer 14

• the central cell membrane is pulled inwards by the cytoskeleton
• this creates a groove which gradually deepens
• eventually the membranes fuse to form two independent cells.

Question 15

How are plant cells different in mitosis

Answer 15

• centrioles do not play a role in forming the spindle apparatus in plant cells as plans do not have centrioles.
• during cytokinesis the cell membrane cannot form a groove.
• Instead vesicles form the Golgi apparatus form membrane structures down the centre of the cell.
  which fuse together to form a central cell membrane dividing cytoplasm into two .
  a new cellulose cell wall forms down the centre.