Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

chromatin

Answer 1

DNA-protein complex (genetic material in non-dividing cell)

Question 2

sister chromatids

Answer 2

each duplicated chromosome consists of

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

division of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Question 4

interphase

Answer 4

accounts for 90% of the cell cycle

Question 5

binary fission

Answer 5

reproduction of a prokaryotic cell

Question 6

cleavage furrow

Answer 6

division of cytoplasm in an animal cell

Question 7

M phase

Answer 7

phase that includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 8

kinetochore

Answer 8

microtubules from the poles attach to these regions of the centromere

Question 9

centrosome

Answer 9

assembly of the spindle begins here

Question 10

G2

Answer 10

cell completes preparations for division

Question 11

cell cycle

Answer 11

life of a cell from origin until its own division

Question 12

cytokinesis

Answer 12

division of the cytoplasm

Question 13

S

Answer 13

phase of copying chromosomes

Question 14

mitotic spindle

Answer 14

fibers composed of microtubules and proteins, guides chromatid movement

Question 15

cell plate

Answer 15

cytoplasmic division of plant cell from vesicles produced by the golgi

Question 16

G1

Answer 16

phase of growth

Question 17

G0

Answer 17

cell exits cycle and enters non-dividing state

Question 18

centromere

Answer 18

region that connects sister chromatids

Question 19

meiosis

Answer 19

process that yields half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 20

centriole

Answer 20

animal organelle that aids in division

Question 21

G1 checkpoint

Answer 21

most important checkpoint in the cycle

Question 22

protein kinases

Answer 22

activates or deactivates other proteins by phosphorylating them

Question 23

MPF

Answer 23

triggers cell past G2 to M phase

Question 24

density-dependent inhibition

Answer 24

cells divide until a layer is formed or a gap is filled

Question 25

cyclin

Answer 25

activates protein kinases, levels fluctuate in cell cycle

Question 26

metastasis

Answer 26

process of carrying cancerous cells to other tissues via lymph or blood

Question 27

benign

Answer 27

tumor cells that remain at original site

Question 28

APC

Answer 28

checks that kinetochores are attached to the spindle

Question 29

PDGF

Answer 29

triggers signal induction pathway that leads to cell division, released in area of injury

Question 30

anchorage dependence

Answer 30

to divide, cell must be attached to substratum (eg. ECM)

Question 31

CDKs

Answer 31

complex of cycle and kinase, uncertain of exact actions

Question 32

prometaphase

Answer 32

nuclear envelope fragments during this phase

Question 33

anaphase

Answer 33

centromeres divide separating sister chromatids in this phase

Question 34

telophase

Answer 34

cell elongates and nuclei reform in this phase

Question 35

prophase

Answer 35

chromosomes are tightly coiled and spindle begins to form in this phase

Question 36

metaphase

Answer 36

spindle fibers push chromatids to center plate in this phase

Question 37

heredity

Answer 37

transmission of genetic traits from one generation to another

Question 38

asexual reproduction

Answer 38

a single individual produces offspring identical to the parent

Question 39

synaptonemal complex

Answer 39

protein zipper that holds homologues (and copies) together

Question 40

independent assortment

Answer 40

random orientation of tetrads at the metaphase plate

Question 41

karyotype

Answer 41

display of chromosomes in size order

Question 42

homologous chromosomes

Answer 42

chromosomes of a "pair" that carry genes for same characteristics

Question 43

sexual reproduction

Answer 43

reproduction of two parents that results in greater variation

Question 44

haploid

Answer 44

cell with a single chromosome set

Question 45

fertilization

Answer 45

fusing of egg and sperm

Question 46

zygote

Answer 46

fertilized egg

Question 47

genes

Answer 47

segments of DNA

Question 48

variation

Answer 48

differences between parents, offspring, siblings

Question 49

gametes

Answer 49

general term for reproductive cells

Question 50

autosomes

Answer 50

chromosomes that do not determine gender

Question 51

somatic cell

Answer 51

all cells other than egg or sperm, produced by mitosis

Question 52

crossing over

Answer 52

produces recombinant chromosomes that combines genes from each parent

Question 53

random fertilization

Answer 53

any sperm can fuse with any egg

Question 54

syngamy

Answer 54

restores the diploid condition in sexual reproduction

Question 55

sex chromosomes

Answer 55

chromosomes that determine gender

Question 56

diploid

Answer 56

a cell having two sets of chromosomes

Question 57

chiasmata

Answer 57

area where sections of non-sister chromatids are exchanged

Question 58

mutations

Answer 58

"mistakes" that ultimately create a population's gene diversity

Question 59

malignant

Answer 59

cells that leave original site

Question 60

tetrad

Answer 60

synapsis forms this group of four