mitosis & meiosis

Question 1

Division of somatic cells in eukaryotic organisms. A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This maintains the set of 23 chromosomes pair

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

Refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in cells

Answer 2

Ploidy

Question 3

One copy of each chromosome. Designated as “n, is 23 (n=23) “ the number of chromosomes in one set. These are gametes.

Answer 3

Haploid

Question 4

Two sets of chromosomes
designated as “2n, is 46 (2n=46) “
Somatic cells

Answer 4

Diploid

Question 5

Parts of a chromatid

Answer 5

Short arm
Centromere
Kinetochore
Long Arm
Telomere
Band

Question 6

This division process is an integral part of the cell cycle, the life of cells from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two

Answer 6

Cell division

Question 7

Cell division functions in ______,_____, and ______.

Answer 7

Reproduction, growth, repair

Question 8

is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism which makes up the connective tissue, skin blood, bones & internal organs

Answer 8

Somatic cell

Question 9

Have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells, or 23 chromosomes in human

Answer 9

Reproductive cells/ Gametes

Question 10

Chromosomes are composed of _______ a complex of DNA & Protein; most chromosomes are about ____ DNA and ____ Proteins

Answer 10

Chromatin
40%, 60%

Question 11

Chromosomes exist in ______ pairs in diploid cells. All other chromosomes (autosomes) have ______

Answer 11

Homologous
Homologues

Question 12

Set of the arrangement of chromosomes based on shape, size, & length.

Answer 12

Karyotyping

Question 13

makes up the traits/ characteristics of the other body parts

Answer 13

Autosomes

Question 14

Identifies the sex identity of the individual as either female or male

Female: XX
Male: XY

Answer 14

Sex Chromosomes

Question 15

Same length, centromere position, staining patterns

Answer 15

Homologous chromosomes

Question 16

Two Major Phases of Eukaryotic Cells Cycle

Answer 16

Interphase
Mitosis

Question 17

Stages of Interphase

Answer 17

Gap 1
Synthesis
Gap 2

Question 18

this is the stage where a cell grows in size and organelles replicate

Answer 18

Gap 1

Question 19

this is the stage where DNA is replicated. It forms the mitotic spindle

Answer 19

Synthesis

Question 20

usually shortest among the three stages. Occurs after the DNA has been replicated but before mitosis begin

Answer 20

Gap 2

Question 21

Phases of Mitosis

Answer 21

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 22

Stage of mitosis where spindle fibers form

Answer 22

Prophase

Question 23

stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the equator of the cell w/ one chromatid facing each other

Answer 23

Metaphase

Question 24

Sister chromatids separate. Spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and pull chromatids towards the poles.

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

Spindle fibers disintegrate. Cytokinesis occurs

Answer 25

Telophase

Question 26

Animal cells undergo _______ through the formation of a cleavage furrow.

Answer 26

Cytokinesis

Question 27

Fusion of two gametes to produce a single zygote.

Answer 27

Sexual Reproduction

Question 28

Restores the diploid condition by combining two haploid sets of chromosomes

Answer 28

Fertilization

Question 29

It occurs only in specialized cells called germ-line cells

Answer 29

Meiosis

Question 30

Meiosis divides into _____ unique daughter cells

Answer 30

4

Question 31

Two divisions of nucleus in Meiosis

Answer 31

Meiosis i & meiosis ii

Question 32

The phase where the DNA coils tighter, and individual chromosomes first become visible under a light microscope as a matrix of thread. Homologous chromosomes find each other and become closely associated, a process called _____ or _______.

Answer 32

Prophase 1 pairing or synapsis

Question 33

Chromosomes duplicate in what phase?

Answer 33

Interphase

Question 34

it is a process that involves a series of events in which the DNA segments are exchanged between nonsister chromatids

Answer 34

Crossing over in Prophase 1

Question 35

the microtubules of the spindle fibers begin to shorten. homologues are pulled apart but not the sister chromatids.

Answer 35

Anaphase 1

Question 36

in this phase, the chromosomes have segregated into two clusters

Answer 36

telophase 1

Question 37

is like a mitotic division without DNA replication

Answer 37

Meiosis ii

Question 38

produced in the testes of animal cells

Answer 38

Sperm cells

Question 39

is the process of forming gametes from diploid cells of the germ line.

Answer 39

Gametogenesis

Question 40

process of forming sperm cells by meiosis in specialized organs known as gonads

Answer 40

Spermatogenesis

Question 41

process of forming of an ovum by meiosis in specialized gonads known as ovaries

Answer 41

Oogenesis

Question 42

3 Major stages of cell cycle

Answer 42

Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis