Mitosis/Meiosis

Question 1

The chromosome ________ is the complete set of chromosomes of a eukaryotic organism

Answer 1

complement

Question 2

A ________ cell is any cell in an organism that is not a reproductive cell

Answer 2

somatic

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: __, __, __, __, __

Answer 3

G1, S, G2, M, C

Question 4

The time it takes to complete a cell cycle ________ greatly

Answer 4

varies

Question 5

Cell growth in the eukaryotic cell cycle occurs during ________

Answer 5

Interphase

Question 6

The ___ phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle takes about an hour

Answer 6

M

Question 7

The ___ phase of the cell cycle has the most variation in length

Answer 7

G1

Question 8

The resting phase of the cell cycle is known as ___

Answer 8

G0

Question 9

The number of chromosomes per cell remains constant during every phase of the cell cycle, except for ________ where it doubles.

Answer 9

Anaphase

Question 10

Cells undergo a major portion of growth during ___

Answer 10

G1

Question 11

DNA replicates during the ___ phase

Answer 11

S

Question 12

During the G2 phase, chromosomes coil more tightly using ________ proteins, ________ replicate (animal cells only), and ________ synthesis occurs.

Answer 12

motor, centrioles, tubulin

Question 13

The ________ is the region that holds two sister chromatids together, where ________ attach to the ________.

Answer 13

centromere, microtubules, kinetochores

Question 14

Each sister ________ has a centromere. Chromatids stay attached at the centromere by ________

Answer 14

chromatid, cohesin

Question 15

A cell prepares for division during ________

Answer 15

interphase

Question 16

During prophase, individual ________ chromosomes first become visible with the light microscope. ________ continues throughout prophase

Answer 16

condensed, condensation

Question 17

During prophase, the two ________ move to opposite poles forming the ________ apparatus.

Answer 17

centrioles, spindle

Question 18

________ are a radial array of microtubules in animals (not plants)

Answer 18

Asters

Question 19

During prophase, the ________ ________ starts to break down.

Answer 19

Nuclear envelope

Question 20

During prometaphase, ________ attach to ________ so that each sister chromatid is connected to opposite poles.

Answer 20

microtubules, kinetochores

Question 21

________: During prometaphase, when chromosomes begin lining up in the center of the cell

Answer 21

Congression

Question 22

During metaphase, chromosomes align along the metaphase ________, which is not an actual structure.

Answer 22

plate

Question 23

Centromeres split during ________. A key event is that ________ protein is removed from all chromosomes.

Answer 23

Anaphase, cohesin

Question 24

During ________, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.

Answer 24

Anaphase

Question 25

Anaphase involves two forms of movement: Anaphase A where ________ are pulled toward poles, and Anaphase B where ________ begin to move apart.

Answer 25

kinetochores, poles

Question 26

In ________, nuclear envelope forms around each set of sister chromatids, which are now chromosomes.

Answer 26

telophase

Question 27

During ________, the spindle apparatus disassembles

Answer 27

telophase

Question 28

During ________, chromosomes begin to uncoil

Answer 28

telophase

Question 29

In telophase, a ________ reappears in each new nucleus

Answer 29

nucleolus

Question 30

During cytokinesis, there is ________ of the cell into equal halves.

Answer 30

cleavage

Question 31

During cytokinesis in animal cells, constriction of ________ filaments produces a ________ ________.

Answer 31

actin, cleavage furrow

Question 32

During cytokinesis in plant cells, a ________ ________ forms between the nuclei

Answer 32

cell plate

Question 33

In fungi and some protists, the ________ ________ does not dissolve. Therefore, ________ occurs within the nucleus. Division of the nucleus occurs during ________

Answer 33

nuclear membrane, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 34

Sexual life cycles are composed of ________ and ________

Answer 34

meiosis, fertilization

Question 35

________ cells are ________ (nonreproductive) cells in which adults have 2 sets of chromosomes

Answer 35

Diploid, somatic

Question 36

________ cells are ________ (eggs and sperm) cells which have only 1 set of chromosomes

Answer 36

Haploid, gamete

Question 37

Diploid cells carry ________ from two parents

Answer 37

chromosomes

Question 38

Sexual reproduction involves an alternation of ________ (diploid --> haploid) and ________ (haploid --> diploid).

Answer 38

meiosis, fertilization

Question 39

Meiosis is the change from ________ to ________

Answer 39

diploid, haploid

Question 40

Fertilization is the change from ________ to ________

Answer 40

haploid, diploid

Question 41

Mammals have longer ________ phases.

Answer 41

diploid

Question 42

Fungi have longer ________ phases

Answer 42

haploid

Question 43

In most animals, ________ state dominates.

Answer 43

diploid

Question 44

Single-cell diploid zygote undergoes ________ to produce diploid somatic cells.

Answer 44

mitosis

Question 45

Some diploid cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid gametes (called ________ -________ cells)

Answer 45

germ-line

Question 46

________, the pairing of homologous chromosomes, occurs early in prophase I.

Answer 46

Synapsis

Question 47

Synapsis includes the formation of the ________ complex, which forms between homologous chromosomes

Answer 47

synaptonemal

Question 48

During prophase I while homologues are paired, ________ ________ occurs.

Answer 48

Crossing over

Question 49

Sites of crossing over are called ________

Answer 49

chiasmata

Question 50

First meiotic division is called the ________ ________

Answer 50

Reduction division

Question 51

Meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain one ________ from each chromosome pair

Answer 51

homologue

Question 52

There is no ________ replication between meiotic divisions

Answer 52

DNA

Question 53

Meiosis II does not further reduce the number of ________

Answer 53

chromosomes

Question 54

Meiosis II involves the separation of ________ ________ for each homologue

Answer 54

sister chromatids

Question 55

During Prophase I, the ________ ________ disappears, and the ________ forms

Answer 55

nuclear envelope, spindle

Question 56

Crossing over is the genetic ________ between non-sister chromatids

Answer 56

recombination

Question 57

Crossing over allows homologues to exchange ________ material

Answer 57

chromosomal

Question 58

Chiasmata (sites of crossing over) remain in contact until ________ I

Answer 58

anaphase

Question 59

Microtubules from opposite poles attach to each homologue during ________ I. They DO NOT attach to each sister chromatid

Answer 59

metaphase

Question 60

Homologues align along the ________ plate during metaphase I

Answer 60

metaphase

Question 61

The orientation of each pair of homologues on the ________ is random

Answer 61

spindle

Question 62

During Anaphase I, ________ of the spindle shorten and ________ break.

Answer 62

Microtubules, chiasmata

Question 63

During ________ I, homologues are separated and move to opposite poles

Answer 63

anaphase

Question 64

During anaphase I, ________ ________ remain attached at centromeres

Answer 64

sister chromatids

Question 65

In anaphase I, each pole has a complete ________ set of chromosomes.

Answer 65

haploid

Question 66

During ________ I, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each daughter nucleus

Answer 66

telophase

Question 67

________ may or may not occur after telophase I

Answer 67

Cytokinesis

Question 68

Meiosis II resembles a ________ division

Answer 68

mitotic

Question 69

Meiosis II is ________ than meiosis I

Answer 69

shorter

Question 70

After cytokinesis in meiosis II, ___ haploid cells result

Answer 70

4

Question 71

After meiosis II in animals, four haploid cells develop directly into ________

Answer 71

gametes

Question 72

After meiosis II in plants, fungi, and many protists, cells divide ________ which produces a greater number of ________

Answer 72

mitotically, gametes

Question 73

________ is the failure of chromosomes to move to opposite poles during either meiotic division

Answer 73

Nondisjunction

Question 74

________ gametes are gametes with extra or missing chromosomes, which is a result of nondisjunction and is the most common cause of spontaneous abortion in humans

Answer 74

Aneuploid

Question 75

Replication is ________ (doesn't undergo cell division) between meiotic divisions

Answer 75

suppressed

Question 76

________ B is lost completely between mitotic divisions, but not meiotic divisions

Answer 76

Cyclin

Question 77

Meiosis produces cells that are not ________

Answer 77

identical

Question 78

Variation in cells produced by meiosis is essential for ________ because sexually reproducing populations will have much greater genetic ________ than asexually producing ones

Answer 78

evolution, variation