Mitosis, Meiosis, and Classical Genetics Flashcards
Interphase
The phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division.
Stages of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
Details about each stage of mitosis (Prophase)
Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down.
Details about each stage of mitosis (Metaphase)
Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the center of the cell.
Details about each stage of mitosis (Anaphase)
Anaphase: Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
Details about each stage of mitosis (Telophase)
Telophase: Chromosomes de-condense, nuclear envelope reforms.
Cells undergoing mitosis
Somatic cells (body cells) undergo mitosis for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
Plant mitosis vs. animal mitosis
Plant cells have a cell plate formation during cytokinesis, while animal cells have a cleavage furrow.
End/final results of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells; meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the genetic material.
Stages of meiosis
Meiosis I (Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I) and Meiosis II (similar to mitosis but with half the chromosome number).
Genes
Genes: Units of heredity.
Alleles
Alleles: Different forms of a gene.
Genotype
Genotype: Genetic makeup of an organism.
Phenotype
Phenotype: Observable traits of an organism.
Homozygous
Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait.
