Mixtures Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are heterogeneous mixtures?
Heterogeneous mixtures are composed of different particles that are not uniformly distributed, leading to distinct phases or components within the mixture.
Examples include salad, sand and salt mixtures, and oil and water, where individual components can be identified and separated.
What are the properties of heterogeneous mixtures?
The properties of heterogeneous mixtures can vary significantly throughout the mixture, making them distinct from homogeneous mixtures.
What are homogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous mixtures, also known as solutions, consist of particles that are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
Examples include saltwater, air, and vinegar, where the individual components are not distinguishable.
What are the properties of homogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous mixtures exhibit consistent properties and composition throughout, making them easier to analyze and work with in chemical processes.
What is concentration?
The amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
What is molarity?
The number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution.
What is molality?
The ratio of the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent.
What is the electronegativity range for a Polar Covalent Bond?
0.5 to 1.7.
What is the electronegativity range for a Non-Polar Covalent Bond?
Less than 0.5.
How does the solubility of gases change with temperature?
Solubility of gases decreases as temperature increases.
How does the solubility of solid solutes change with temperature?
Solubility of solid solutes increases as temperature increases.
How does the solubility of a gas in a solvent change with pressure?
Solubility of a gas in a solvent increases as the pressure of the gas over the solvent increases.
What is an aqueous solution?
A solution involving a substance dissolved in water.
What are colligative properties?
Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but are independent of their nature.
What is the first step in determining solubility?
Identify the solute and solvent.
What is the second step in determining solubility?
Check temperature and pressure.
What is a Colligative Property?
A property that depends on the concentration of solute particles but is independent of their nature.
What is Vapor Pressure Reduction?
Occurs when a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent, preventing some solvent molecules from leaving the liquid.
What is Boiling Point Elevation?
The increase in boiling point of a solution compared to the pure solvent.
What is Freezing Point Depression?
The ability of a dissolved solute to lower the freezing point of its solution.
What is Osmotic Pressure?
The pressure necessary to prevent osmosis.
What factor affects the rate of dissolving related to solute size?
Surface Area: Increasing the surface area of the solute can speed up dissolving.
How does stirring affect the rate of dissolving?
Stirring helps to distribute solute particles in the solvent, preventing accumulation and slowing down dissolving.
How does temperature affect the rate of dissolving?
Raising the temperature increases the rate at which a solute dissolves, as solvent particles move faster.
