MLA - Surgery

Question 1

What heart murmur is seen in Infective Endocarditis?

Answer 1

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 2

What is a side effect of metformin in an unwell patient?

Answer 2

Lactic acidosis

Question 3

Endocrine therapy for oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Answer 3

Tamoxifen - Oestrogen receptor selective antagonism

Question 4

Imaging mode of choice for renal colic?

Answer 4

Non-contrast CT KUB

Question 5

Basilar skull fracture examination signs?

Answer 5

Peri-orbital swelling and post-auricular bruising

Question 6

How quickly should a femoral hernia be fixed?

Answer 6

Surgery within 2 weeks

Question 7

Treatment of superficial thrombophelibitis

Answer 7

Compression stockings

Question 8

Management of overactive bladder

Answer 8

Oxybutinin

Question 9

Common side effect of subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 9

SIADH

Question 10

Most common renal malignancy

Answer 10

Renal adenocarcinoma

Question 11

Differentiation between epididymitis and testicular torsion

Answer 11

Elevation of testicles relieves pain in epididymitis but NOT torsion

Question 12

Medications given for peripheral vascular disease

Answer 12

Antiplatelet + statin
(clopidogrel + atorvastatin)

Question 13

First line management in BPH

Answer 13

Alpha-1 antagonist

Question 14

CT findings for ACUTE subdural haematoma

Answer 14

Hyper-dense, crescenteric collection

Question 15

CT findings for CHRONIC subdural haematoma

Answer 15

Hypo-dense, crescenteric collection

Question 16

Common complication of radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Answer 16

Proctitis

Question 17

When should a patient be urgently referred for a AAA?

Answer 17

When > 5.5cm

Question 18

Causative organism of acute prostatitis?

Answer 18

E.coli

Question 19

Difference between strangulated and incarcerated hernia?

Answer 19

Strangulated hernias are painful

Question 20

Chronic venous insufficiency investigation of choice?

Answer 20

Venous duplex ultrasound - Will show retrograde venous flow

Question 21

Endocrine therapy in breast cancer, pre and post menopausal

Answer 21

Pre/peri = Tamoxifen
Post = Anastrazole/Letrazole (aromatase inhibitor)

Question 22

Factors that can affect PSA levels

Answer 22

Vigorous exercise
Recent ejacultation
DRE

Question 23

Treatment to help reduce recurrance of renal calculi

Answer 23

Indapamide - Thiazide diuretic

Question 24

Prevention of calcium stones

Answer 24

Potassium citrate

Question 25

What vessel causes bleeding in subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 25

Bridging veins

Question 26

What vessel causes bleeding in extra dural haemorrhage?

Answer 26

Middle meningeal artery

Question 27

Management of adult onset hydrocoele

Answer 27

Urgent testicular ultrasound

Question 28

How quickly should a CT be done with a head injury and vomiting and/or reduced GCS

Answer 28

Within 1 hour

Question 29

Medication used for urgency urinary symptoms

Answer 29

Antimuscarinic - Oxybutinin

Question 30

How long should you wait before doing a PSA level following a UTI?

Answer 30

6 weeks

Question 31

Achalasia increases the risk of which cancer?

Answer 31

Squamous cell carcinoma (proximal 2/3)

Question 32

Difference between end stomas and loop stomas?

Answer 32

Loop stomas have 2 openings: 1 for mucous 1 for faeces

Question 33

Commonest side effect of tamsulosin?

Answer 33

Dizziness and postural hypotension

Question 34

Standard VTE prophylaxis

Answer 34

TEDs + LMWH 6 hrs post-op

Question 35

Most common cause of bilious vomiting within 24hrs of life?

Answer 35

Duodenal atresia