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MLS103 > MLS LECTURE 2 > Flashcards

MLS LECTURE 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

An infection is:

A

The invasion of the body by pathogens than then cause disease symptoms

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2
Q

Define Infectious

A

Capable of transmitting diseases to others

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3
Q

Define the term “Pathogens”

A

Are disease-causing organisms

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4
Q

Infection control is:

A

The process of protecting healthcare workers and the patients they serve from the infectious agents

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5
Q

Who are the organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope?

A

Microorganisms

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6
Q

True or False: All Bacterias are harmful and cause diseases.

A

False, only 4%-5% of Bacteria are pathogenic and cause disease.

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7
Q

Bacterias are:

A

single-celled organisms with a cell wall and cell membrane

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8
Q

True or False: You can treat bacteria with antibiotics

A

true

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9
Q

What are the three types of bacteria?

A

1- Cocci (round)
2- Bacilli (Rod-shaped oval)
3- Spirilla (Spiral curved)

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10
Q

The three types of cocci bacteria are:

A

1- Staphylococci (grape shaped)
2- streptococci (strep-shaped)
3- Diplococci (comes in double)

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11
Q

What can a cocci bacteria cause?

A

1- streptococcal sore throats
2- pneumonia
3- Food poisoning

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12
Q

What can the bacilli bacteria cause?

A

1- tetanus
2- diphtheria
3- Salmonella
poisoning

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13
Q

what can the spirilla bacteria cause?

A

1- cholera
2- syphilis

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14
Q

are small infectious agents

A

viruses

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15
Q

Why are viruses not really cells?

A

Because they don’t have the structure of a cell; they are not cellular in shape

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16
Q

How can a virus survive?

A

Using the help of a host cell

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17
Q

How can you treat a virus?

A

Using Antivirals

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18
Q

True or False: You can use antibiotics to treat viruses.

A

False, Viruses are coated or surrounded by a protective protein and do not have cell walls that can be attacked like the cell walls in bacteria

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19
Q

What would happen if you treated a virus with an antibiotic?

A

There is a great tendency of ruining, destroying, and killing the host cell that the virus is inhabiting

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20
Q

What can a virus cause?

A

Measles
Chickenpox
AIDS

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21
Q

Fungi are:

A

Plant-like organisms

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22
Q

What are the environments preferred by fungi?

A

DARK + DAMP

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23
Q

Fungi can cause:

Study These Flashcards
A

1- yeast (a mycotic infection)
2- Athlete’s foot
3- Ringworm

24
Q

What’s the similarity between a Parasite and a virus?

Study These Flashcards
A

They both need a host cell to survive and be active

25
What’s the difference between a Parasite and a Virus?
Parasites doesn’t affect the host cell as much as the virus does.
26
State the diseases/health complications that a Parasite might cause
1- Malaria 2- Bacteria Reckettsia
27
Emphasize: Individuals with sickle cells can not / have a low tendency of getting Malaria
Unlike normal cells, sickle cells are unnatural in shape; their membranes are elongated/stretched. Therefore, they leak the nutrients needed by Parasites to survive. Hence, the faulty cells et eliminated/killed, resulting in the killing of the parasites.
28
State the steps of destroying the bacteria
step 1: cleaning step 2: sanitizing step 3: disinfecting
29
True or False: Sterilization is better than disinfection.
True; Disinfection focuses more on killing/destroying bacteria, viruses, etc. (harmful microorganisms. Sterilization, on the other hand, destroys all microorganisms (whether they were harmful or not)
30
give the meaning of “asepsis”
absence of pathogens / infection
31
State and explain the two types of asepsis.
1- medical asepsis: known as the “clean technique”. It’s simply the practice of killing the microorganisms to stop the spreading 2- surgical asepsis: known as the “sterile technique”. It is the elimination of all microorganisms (whether they were harmful or not).
32
What are the 3 types of PPE (Personal protective equipment)?
1- standard ppe 2- full ppe 3- enhanced ppe
33
How does the infection spread?
steps of the chain of infection (how the infection spreads): step 1: Infectious agent step 2: Reservoir Step 3: Portal of exit step 4: mode of transmission step 5: portal of entry step 6: a susceptible host
34
As lab workers what are the laboratory hazards that we may face?
1- laser hazards 2- biological hazards 3- radiological hazards 4- chemical hazards 5- physical hazards 6- non-ionizing radiation
35
What are the components of a medical safety data sheet?
1- Identification 2- composition of ingredients 3- physical and chemical properties 4- fire and explosion data 5- reactivity data 6- health hazards 7- emergency first aid 8- safe handling 9- control measure
36
How can you see viruses?
using the electronic microscope
37
True or False: You can use bleach on your skin
False; you have to use products that contain 70 % isopropyl alcohol
38
State some infectious agents:
-Bacteria -Viruses -Fungi -Parasites
39
Examples of Reservoir
People Water Food Animals
40
Examples of a portal of exit
-Skin -Excresions -Blood -Secretions
41
Examples of modes of transmission
-Physical touch -Droplets -Airborne -insects like mosquitos
42
Examples of a portal of entry
-Wounds -Broken skin -Mucous membrane -Respiratory system -digestive system
43
Examples of a susceptible host
-age -burns -diabetes -Immune deficiencies -Surgery
44
Why can't we use hot water when cleaning our hands?
Because there is a possibility of causing skin breakage, this should be totally avoided.
45
What is included in the chemical hazard identification system (w/ colors)?
1- Fire hazards (RED) 2- health hazards (BLUE) 3- Reactivity/Instability hazards (YELLOW) 4- Specific hazards (WHITE)
46
Health Hazards (0-4)
4- Deadly 3- Extreme danger 2- Hazardous 1- Slightly hazardous 0- Normal Material
47
Fire Hazards (0-4)
4- Below 73C 3- Below 100C 2- Below 200C 1- Above 200C 0- Will not burn
48
Reactivity/Instability Hazards (0-4)
4- May detonate 3- Shock and hear may detonate 2- Violent chemical change 1- Unstable if heated 0- stable
49
What are the five types of extinguishers?
- Water - Foam - CO2 - Powder - Wet chemical
50
State the types of fire (with their class)
- Combustible materials (class A) - Flammable liquids (class B) - Flammable gases (Class C) - Flammable metals (Class D) - Electrical equipment (class E) - Deep fat fryers (Class F)
51
State examples of electrical hazards:
- Wet conditions - Overhead power line - Inadequate wiring and overload circuit - Exposed electrical parts - Damaged insulations - Improper grounding -Damaged or Faulty tools and equipments
52
What is kept in the red bags?
Biohazardous or potentially infected medical waste
53
Where is the hazardous pharmaceutical waste put?
Blue containers
54
What is kept in the yellow containers?
chemotherapy waste that is considered RCRA empty
55
What is kept in the black containers?
chemotherapy waste that is not RCRA empty

MLS103 (13 decks)

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