MMAC Operations Flashcards
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0
Q
What is the PDA for a Firefighter Emergency?
A
Regardless of the size of the incident:
6 PA (including 3 PLs with WM in charge) 2 FRU FIU CU LAS Press Liaison Officer FSO SAI 3 SMs, 1 GM & 1 DAC in charge.
1
Q
Define a Fire fighter emergency.
A
Whenever it is established or there is strong evidence to suggest that one or more firefighters, or personnel working under the control of LFB are unaccounted for and/or in need of rescue.
Policy 496, para 2.1
2
Q
You are IC at a 4 PF and you declare FFE. How many pump incident do you then have?
A
This is still a 4PF.
Attributes already committed to the incident will not be taken into consideration when a FFE message is sent and nor will the FFE attributes be considered by the mobilising system for subsequent make ups.
Policy 496, para 2.3
3
Q
Define “Emergency Evacuation”
A
The immediate and controlled withdrawal of all personnel from the scene of operations to a place of safety.
4
Q
Define ‘Tactical Withdrawl’
A
The removal of personnel from a specific area of potential danger in a safe and planned manner.
Policy 496, para 4.1
5
Q
When can the Hazard Zone be removed at an Acetylene cylinder incident?
A
Following one hour minimum cooling and providing it has passed he Cylinder Assessment Process (CAP)
If it fails the CAP test crews must cool for a further hour and retest and so on until it passes.
6
Q
Where should Forward Control Mobilising Points be established?
A
At a fire station outside the affected area.
This ensures good communications, rest/welfare facilities and security.
7
Q
What are “our services” outlined in the Authority Diversity Policy?
A
We will:
Be accountable to the people of London
Consult communities regarding what services they want
Provide our service to everyone based on their needs
Provide services based on risk
Encourage external providers to subscribe to our values
8
Q
Define an emergency according to the Civil Contingencies Act 2004
A
An event or situation which threatens serious damage to human welfare in the UK;
An event or situation which threatens serious damage to the environment;
War or terrorism which threatens serious damage to the UK’s security;
An event/situation MUST pose a considerable test to an organisations ability to perform its function.
9
Q
What is the risk with an absorbed dose of 100mSv?
A
1 in 200 of cancers
10
Q
Hazards associated with LPG vehicles?
A
Any LPG vehicle on fire should be treated as a cylinder incident
Any leaking cylinder should be treated as a HazMat incident
11
Q
Hazards associated with Electric cars?
A
High voltage electrical systems should be treated as live even if the engine is not running.
These cables are orange in colour and should not be touched or cut.
12
Q
Define a high rise building
A
A building containing floors at such a height or position that external fire fighting and rescue operations may not be feasible.
13
Q
The notification of possible contamination is which form?
A
- This should be worn for 7 days.
The form 2608, ‘Permission to disclose medical information’ should be completed on return to station.
A SERD report must be started.
14
Q
What is GCG?
A
Gold Co-ordinating Group (Emergency Services)
This may become a Strategic Co-ordinating Group (SCG) if external partner agencies are involved.
15
Q
Where is high voltage electrical apparatus normally stored?
A
Generally not less than 2.5m above ground.
16
Q
Control Operatives ‘Principles of Advice’ for FSG calls?
A
Escape
Assess
Protect
Rescue
PEAR
17
Q
In cases where a ‘Radiation Emergency’ has been declared can FF’s be exposed to more that 10mSv in a single emergency situation?
A
Yes
They are allowed a single emergency exposure not exceeding 100mSv
18
Q
LFB obligations for COMAH sites?
A
Complete an ‘off-site’ plan within 6 months (not exceeding 9 months with prior agreement between FRS and responsible site)
Test the plan and review it every 3 years
The Plan is to be implemented if a major incident or uncontrolled event occurs
FRS can charge any responsible site for all associated costs
19
Q
What is the PDA for working IN or ON water?
A
2 x PA
2 x FRU
IC must request attendance of LAS if FFs enter the water and/or someone requires rescuing
Inflatable path will only be deployed if the incident is on mud or ice, or asked for from the scene
20
Q
What is the minimum size of a BA crew?
A
1
A single BA wearer can be used for small fires including car and rubbish fires or when working a monitor at the head of an aerial appliance.
They must be in open air and in line of sight from the ECO
21
Q
When is the CU on the PDA?
A
Mass Decon 4 pump fire Multiple calls to fire in premises Persons reported Confirmed hazmats Cylinder incidents Forward Mobilising Procedure Major incidents Fire Survival Guidance (FSG) calls
22
Q
Contents of a Major Incident box on CUs?
A
Incident Commander (Silver) tabard Inner Cordon Controller/ Inner Cordon Recorder tabards 2 Entry signs 2 Exit signs 25 IC1 forms 25 IC2 forms 4 clip boards 2 Aide Memoires 40 Armbands
23
Q
What is LLACC?
A
London Local Authority Co-ordination Centre
Based at Clapham
24
When should survey metres be used?
Used by any person in the inner cordon; and
At any explosion
25
How many concurrent users does the CSS allow for the conferencing facility?
20
GMs have Thin Client access remotely
RMC, Control, Gold Command Group and ILOs all have access
26
What is background dose rate radiation?
Up to 0.2 micro siverts per hour
27
Can filter cartridges on Respirator masks be re-used?
Yes: At the same incident, by the same wearer.
A seal test must be completed.
28
Who has responsibility for 'making safe' after the emergency phase of a radiation incident?
Senior Police Officer
29
Four styles of Command decision making?
Creative
Analytical
Procedural
Intuitive
30
What is SADCHALETS?
```
Survey
Assess
Disseminate
Casualties
Hazards
Access
Location
Emergency services present and required
Type of incident
Safety
```
31
What happens when composite cylinders fail?
They become porous and vapour passes through them
They intensify the fire
They DO NOT fail catastrophically
32
Should ICs consider the Environment Agency (EA) at fires involving sandwich panels?
Yes
EA must be informed due to the Hydrogen Cyanide given off
33
Types of Railway communications?
```
Head wall telephones - LUL
Leaky Feeder - LUL
Signal post telephones - Network Rail
Overhead Line Equipment (OLE) - Network Rail
Public Address Systems - Both
```
34
What is the size of the falling main at Jubilee Line Extension (JLE) sites and Intervention Points (IPs)?
150mm
They should be pressurised by LFB and are capped at 4.5 bar
35
What is the minimum length of a covering jet from a fire floor in Highrise procedure?
One length of hose longer than the attacking jet, which should be plugged into the DRM one floor below the fire floor
36
What is the Ionising Radiation Regulations (IRR) 1999 ABSORBED DOSE limit for employees?
20mSv
There is an additional caveat of 13mSv in any consecutive 3 month period for women of reproductive capacity.
LFB adopt a threshold of 10mSv per rolling 12 months for ANY employee.
37
Safe distance from a DLR track?
2m
38
What should be done prior to leaving the inner cordon at a major/terrorist incident?
Any equipment used in the inner cordon should be presented to the Police Inspecting Officers prior to leaving the scene and left with them if necessary.
Because these incidents are a crime scene!!
39
What is the average annual absorbed dose of radiation in the UK?
2.6 mSv
40
What are the stages/procedure for water rescue?
Talk
Reach
Throw
Wade - FRU
Row - FRU
Go/Tow - FRU
41
When can advice be changed for FSG calls?
This can be suggested by the IC on scene, but MUST be approved by the officer in charge of control as this would go against National Control Guidance.
42
What is the name of the Met Police's Special Operations Room at Lambeth?
GT
43
Possible additional uses for CUs?
Conferencing facility /room (e.g. silver meetings)
Media liaison point - remote from the incident site
Dedicated support to BA Main Control officer
Formulation of complex relief plans
44
How can personnel achieve traction current isolation?
Through the local line controller
Through Brigade Control
Raising head wall telephone
Twisting together the 2 copper wires in rail tunnels
Successful isolation is generally indicated by the emergency lighting coming on
45
What level of management is Gold Command set at?
Assistant Commissioner
A DAC will supervise BCG at RMC/BCC if Gold Command is external
46
What is an unfenistrated compartment?
A compartment with no windows or window like openings
47
What level of command is the IC in?
Silver
48
What level of command is the Operations Commander in?
Silver
49
What colour tabard does an Ops Commander have?
Red
50
What should Ops Commanders not get involved in?
Functional Sectors
51
When are tactical modes not required on Stop messages?
If brigade action has ceased before transmitting the stop message and all resources are made up
52
What is FMPOUT?
This is the message sent to all stations indicating that FMP is now concluded
53
When DIM equipment is used what should NOT be noted in the stop message?
DO NOT use the term:
"Declared Safe"
This is because other aspects of the incident may be hazardous to FFs or the public
54
What equipment on the PL can be used for scene survey b initial crews at a collapse structure incident?
TIC
55
IED cordons?
More than:
100m - up to suitcase size
200m - car/ light vehicle (VBIED)
400m - HGV/lorry
56
When should a "Fire surrounded" message be sent?
If the incident is larger than 6 PA
57
When should basement levels be included in messages?
In all informative messages, whether involved in fire or not
In stop messages ONLY if involved in fire
58
Who is the Fire Service Minister?
Bob Neill MP
59
What are RPA and RPS
Radiation Protection Advisor - Scientific Advisor (SA)
Radiation Protection Supervisor - HMEPO
60
In a Highrise incident, if Backdraft or Flashover conditions are present BA rescue crews must have what before entering the compartment?
A covering jet and BA team supplied from the DRM outlet on the fire floor if possible
61
Water rescue attributes/resources
```
Avon 380 inflatable rescue boat
2m inflatable rescue path
PFD
50m safety line
25m throw line
Hose inflation kit
```
62
Component parts of an IED?
Packaging
Main filling - Explosive (CBRN)
Means of ignition
63
What are ROVs?
Remotely Operated Vehicles
From QunetiQ, used to deal with Acetylene cylinder incidents
64
What is the minimum FRU crew for an untethered boat Rescue?
2
65
In a Highrise, where do initial BA crews set in?
DRM outlet one floor beneath the fire floor
66
One MILLI sievert equals?
1000 MICRO sieverts
67
Are EPDs intrinsically safe?
No
68
What is the initial cordon at a radiation incident?
25m
69
Building regulations require all buildings over what height to make provisions for fire fighting?
18m
Anything more than 60m Pre 2006;
Anything more than 50m post 2006 must have wet systems
Tese include: Ff shafts, wet/dry riser mains and Firefighter lifts
70
What are ICP and CPO?
Initial Command Pump
Command Pump Officer
71
Who controls the safety line when FFs enter water?
Floating Safety Line Supervisor
72
What is NRAT?
National Resilience Assurance Team
73
Fire lift requirements?
Independent power supply
850kg (up to 8 persons) capacity
74
Requirements of a Wet Rising Main (WRM)?
Must be installed in buildings over 60m (50m as of 2006)
1500 litres/min for 45 minutes
Pre 2006 will have 4-5 bar pressure
Post 2006 will have 8 bars
75
Requirements of a Dry Rising Main (DRM)?
Deliver a minimum of 1500 ltr/min
Installed in buildings over 18m
76
What rank will the Gold Commander be?
Normally Assistant Commissioner (AC)
Commissioner or the Deputy may take over if they wish.
77
When are SFSOs informed of fire incidents?
They are informed at 4PF and mobilised at 6PF.
78
Where are the Rail control centres?
JLE is at Neasden
DLR is at Poplar
79
When are Intervention Points (IPs) built in to rail tunnels?
When subsurface stations are longer than 1km apart
80
Which key opens the LUL premises info boxes?
FB14
81
What is the station allocation of respirator P3 filter cartridges?
2 cartridges and 1 tally per BA set
82
Initial cordon for radiation incidents?
25m
Later defined as the inner cordon
83
What does the Survey Metre measure?
Gamma Radiation
84
According to LESLP who is responsible for the 'inner cordon'?
LFB
Is responsible for the safety management of all persons in the inner cordon
85
What are the safe distances when dealing with electricity?
5m minimum safe approach for rescues
10m safety 'corridor' in dense carbonaceous smoke
10m operational uses of aerial appliances and ladders
20m training use of aerial appliances and ladders
20m with a hand held jet
30m when using a monitor
86
Which aide memoir is used to assist ICs deciding on the use of respirators?
Aide memoir number 8 in the BA pouch
87
What is L3 water?
Level 3 indicates the level of resources required in mass flooding.
88
What are the PPE requirements for Asbestos incidents?
GTCPS where no fire is present
BA only if the asbestos is involved in fire
BA or Respirator with P3 filter, if dealing with cement asbestos sheeting or Artex coating
( if cement asbestos or Artex the HMEPO may advise that specialist cleaning of fire gear is not required)
89
Major Lighting Unit (MLU) specification?
500kg weight on a "Euro pallet" design
7m air operated telescopic mast
Combined 110v and 24v light assembly
110v generator
They also have the facility for 24v 'silent running' on battery back up for 1 hour
90
Which legislations govern H&S?
Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
Management of Health & Safety Regulations 1999
Approved Code of Practise L21
91
What clearance do MLUs require for siting of guy lines?
6 metres
N.B. Four x 12m long guy lines are set out at 90* angles. This area should be barrier taped off to prevent tripping
92
What is REPPIR?
Radiation (Emergency Preparedness & Public Information) Regulations 2001
93
Can EDBA wearers be used for re-entry or new entries?
They shouldn't be.
Only in exceptional circumstances!
94
When is radiation contamination deemed to be present?
If the contamination meter reads greater than 5 counts per second above background.
Background is generally 2-3 counts per second
95
What is the capacity of the inflatable rescue path?
7 persons including rescuers
96
What are the build requirements for substations/transformer stations within buildings?
They must be in a room situated against an outer wall
They must have 4 hour fire resistance/compartmentation
97
What are the Civil Disturbance messages?
Civil disturbance in progress at........
(Incidents unlikely to escalate - will not invoke Forward Mobilising Procedure FMP)
CD in progress at......initial FMP implemented.
(Likely to escalate /developing disturbance)
CD in progress at....initial FMP implemented. Crews withdrawn to.....
(If crew safety is threatened crews & appliance should be withdrawn to safe location determined in conjunction with Police)
98
Who determines the location of FCMP?
The Officer of the Day (OOD) at RMC in consultation with the duty GM for the affected area.
The OOD May respond in the absence of a GM using info from Incident Commanders and/or the Police
99
Who can declare a Civil Disturbance?
The Incident Commander; and/or
The OOD based on information prior to Brigade attendance
100
Which kind of asbestos does not need including on the ORD?
Asbestos contained within cement or Artex
101
When should 'asbestos reported' message be sent?
When it is known or suspected that asbestos is involved.
102
What is the name of our control room mobilising system?
ProCAD
103
How long are all inputs on the CSS kept for?
All notes/records are kept on CUs for 31 days
They are kept for a minimum 12 months on Brigade main servers. They cannot be deleted before that time
104
How many Major Lighting Units (MLUs) are available?
12 pan London
Flat back lorries carry 6 at a time with a delivery time of up to 4 hours
105
Who can facilitate a PRO?
IC1 if an incident was only attended by the initial PDA
An independent officer who did not attend the incident should otherwise do it
The SM for the station 's ground is responsible for ensuring recording on the IMPD.
106
Can a Hazard Zone be reduced after the first test in the CAP?
Yes, on the advice of the HMEPO, ONLY if urgent.
The CAP test must still be completed
107
When should an EPD be taken off the run?
When it reads more than or equal to 1 millisievert ABSORBED DOSE rate
108
When should tactical modes be added to messages?
All messages other than coded stops
* According to Policy 435
109
Define "Default to Defensive"
In cases of uncertainty defensive tactics must be used and 'Tactical Mode Delta' declared.
110
Damage done by Radiation is measured in?
Sieverts (Sv)
Millisieverts (mSv)
1 sievert = 1,000 millisieverts
Microsieverts
1 sievert = 1,000,000 microsieverts
111
What is the role of the Ops Commander?
He/She exists as a means of maintaining workable spans of control when the incidents developed in size and complexity
112
When should personnel not transmit radio messages on their hand held radios?
When on or within 10m of the CU
When inside a car incase they actuate the SRS
113
Who has overall primacy at an RTC?
The Police when they are in attendance
114
Stages of an incident according to NICs?
The initial stage
The developing stage
The closing stage
115
What are the different power supplies for network rail?
750v DC. - Fourth Rail System
Up to 1200v DC. - Third Rail System
Up to 25,000v AC - Overhead Line Equipment (OLE)
116
What info can LFB give press at IED incidents?
None
This is entirely the Police responsibility
117
When should BA Main Control be set up?
It should be considered:
When there is more than one stage 2 ECP;
If the IC requires a greater level of control
118
What is the minimum number of safety personnel when using throw lines in water rescue?
2
119
If the floor level or location of a bridgehead changes should BA teams be withdrawn?
No
This should be given consideration, but depending on a DRA BA teams can just be informed so they can adjust their turn round times accordingly.
An emergency crew MUST be established ASAP
120
Who is the Authority lead for H&S issues?
The Commissioner as overall responsibility
The Director of Operational Resilience & Training (currently Gary Reason) takes the lead for H&S on behalf of CMB
121
What is a Becquerel?
One radioactive disintegration per second
122
Minimum cordon for an unknown IED size?
400m
123
Ouline the public asbestos reporting procedure?
As required by Regulation 4 of the Control of Asbestos Regulations (CAR) 2006, duty holders of non-domestic premises should be directed to:
Www.london-fire.gov.uk/asbestos
This will report their asbestos containing materials (ACMs) and arrange a 7.2(d) to have them placed on the ORD
124
Whose responsibility is it to leave the incident ground clean of asbestos?
Under Regulation 17 of CAR 2006 it is NOT LFB's responsibility to leave the area clean.
Duty holders MUST be advised that it is their responsibility.
Responsibility can also be left with the LA Environmental Health officer if necessary.
125
Who can agree restoration of traction current?
Only the named LFB officer and Rail Controller who agreed the initial isolation
126
When should PROs be done?
Within 28 days
Any persons involved and/or rescued
Any make ups
Any indications of shortcomings in the operational performance of: personnel, procedures or equipment
Any indications of meritorious performance of: personnel, procedures or equipment
Any incident which involved the completion of a Long SERDs report
127
What is IMPD?
Incident Monitoring Process Database
128
Do coded stop messages require a Tactical mode?
No.
They are presumed to have been managed offensively
129
Can Ops commanders change a Tactical mode?
Yes
130
Can 'Authorised Persons' (Electricity representatives) enter a premises if it can not be confirmed power is isolated?
Yes.
Only if the residual supply is low voltage.
NO if the residual current is HV
131
What is electric UPS?
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
132
What will a single FSG call be treated as?
A persons reported fire
133
Define an FSG incident?
When 2 or more FSG calls or 1 in a Highrise block are received by Control.
This will attract the attendance or a PL, SM and CU ADDITIONAL to the persons reported PDA already on route/in attendance.
134
Whose job is it to prioritise FSG calls
The IC
Control operators treat them all the same
The CPO notes all information on the 'Control Information form'
135
At large incidents, what is the minimum role of an office to co-ordinate FSG calls?
Station Manager
They assume the title of FSG co-ordinator
136
Who can approve Non-Government Organisations (NGO) assistance at USAR incidents?
An AC
137
What is the exceptional absorbed dose?
100 millisieverts
138
When should 'Water rescue procedure level 1 implemented' be sent?
When ALL control measures have been implemented
139
What fuel capacity does the MLU have?
12ltr unleaded petrol tank
This will last approximately 12 hours
140
What is the symbol for Microsieverts?
'm' with a tail. mSv
141
What is JESCC?
Joint Emergency Services Control Centre
142
Equipment for a Bridgehead?
```
Sufficient 45mm hose for 2 jets
2 branches
2 BA sets
1 ECB
IEC pack/first aid and resuscitator
Long line
Breaking in gear
TIC
Access keys/codes and floor plans
```
143
When should a roll call be done at incidents?
Any time deemed necessary by the IC
Following a FF emergency
Following a emergency evacuation
Following a tactical withdrawal
144
Should workwear be cleaned when fire gear is contaminated in water rescues?
Yes
These will require specialist cleaning if worn under fire gear.
145
What forms should be used to record entry into the inner cordon?
IC1 - once the cordon is established
IC2 - Used to record anyone in the inner cordon prior to it being established
146
Three leadership domains in the 'Aspire' model?
Operational
Political
Personal-Team approach
147
What is the risk associated with PVC?
Hydrogen - Chloride gas
148
What is the role of the 'Operations cell'?
Liaise with COBR
National mutual aid/ out of area deployment
LFB involvement in multi agency ops
Liaising with Resource cell to facilitate multiple incident sites
Identification of key operational information (e.g. Changes in threat level or casualty symptoms)
149
When the MLU mast is extended should the compressor be left switched on or off during operation?
On
So it will automatically re-pressurise the system if needed.
150
Should incidents be closed down by CSS?
No
These will be closed automatically after approximately 24 hours
151
In cases of Acetylene and unidentified cylinders what is the minimum cooling period before testing?
1 hour
152
What are the 4 stages of a major incident according to LESLP?
The initial stage
The consolidation phase
The recovery phase
The restoration of normality
153
What is the SRG in a command function?
Strategic Resource Group
154
Can EDBA wearers be used for re-entries or new entries?
No
Unless in exceptional circumstances
155
What is the minimum rank of an EDBA team leader?
Crew Manager
156
Can guide lines be used at stage 1 BA?
No.
Must be stage 2
157
What is the minimum rank of ECO at stage 2 with BTP?
Watch Manager
158
At radiation incidents what should every crew committed into the inner cordon have?
An EPD and a survey meter
159
Who will investigate collapse structure incidents?
The Police and HSE
The scene must therefore be preserved as a crime scene
160
How can crews approach a helicopter?
10 or 2 o'clock (from the front) and/or down hill to avoid rota blades.
After being given the thumbs up or torch flash by the crew.
161
Where is the greatest area of down draft on a helicopter?
The rear of the helicopter
162
Define L1 water rescue
This outlines the safe systems to be implemented when working close to water, mud or ice.
163
Can FFs enter water?
Yes
They can enter still water as a last resort
FRU personnel can enter moving water
164
Who can put SCDs in place?
Short Circuiting Devices (SCDs) can only be used by FRU personnel.
They should never be removed by LFB staff even when the incidents completed
165
Do dust masks provide adequate respiratory protection at RTCs?
No.
BA must be worn.
Policy 754, para 9.23
Policy 754 has not been update FTP reflect respirator use, July 2012
166
Define Firefighter Emergency
Whenever it is established, or there is strong evidence to suggest, that fire service personnel or people working under LFB's control are unaccounted for and/or in need of rescue
167
LESLP's definition of a Major Incident?
Rescue and transportation of large numbers
Large scale combined emergency services response
Incidents involving large numbers of people
Large numbers of enquiries from press, public, relatives etc
168
Prerequisites of BA in GTCPS?
Stage 1 In line of sight
Stage 2 out of sight
At least 1 BARIE set per team.
169
When should a 200m cordon be implemented at cylinder incidents?
If a steel cylinder is at risk of failing
I.e. has been substantially heated or subject to direct flame impingement
170
Define a Highrise building
Any building with floors at such a height and/or position that external fire fighting and or rescue operations may not be feasible
171
What radio channel does the BA Main Control Officer use?
Channel 1. Incident command channel.
172
If telemetry leaky-feeders are deployed, what stage BA control should be implemented?
Stage 2
173
If a telemetry BA board fails how long do you have to replace it?
5 minutes
Anything longer than that and the ECO/ IC must consider evacuating crews
174
How often must tactical mode messages be sent?
At regular intervals
With all informative messages
Whenever a change is made to the tactical mode
Any stop message where work, including make up is still ongoing
175
Define Tactical Withdrawal?
The removal of personnel from a specific area of potential danger in a safe and planned manner
176
What are the justifications for exposing FFs to an 'emergency exposure' of radiation?
To save life or rescue endangered people
Prevent people being exposed to radiation
Save valuable installations when appropriate (e.g. To stabilise and containment)
177
Can respirator wearers be recommitted?
Yes
A note must be made on the ECB
There is no limit to the number of re-entries if an individual has only worn respirators
If they have previously worn BA they can only be reused once
Rest, rehydration and recuperation facilities must be provided
178
What should ICs consider with Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)?
It is used in electrical apparatus
It is a gas which is heavier than air
it is an asphyxiant
A HMEPO/ SA should be mobilised/ consulted
179
What are the core values at the heart of the 'Aspire' model?
Diversity
Our People
Improvement
Service to the community
180
List some crew considerations at civil disturbance incidents
Drivers are to remain in appliances with the engine running
Only members of LFB may ride on appliances
Do not use blue lights and sirens/audible warning devices
Use hand held radios discreetly - public often listen to these and may think Police are driving our actions
Do not book status on MDT when FCMP in place
Crews should be paired minimum
Use the appliance tank supply only. Do not engage the PTO
D not become involved in Police activity
181
What are the duties of a Monitoring Officer from the point of being paged?
```
Undertake remote monitoring
Attend incidents (as ordered or as decided through DRA)
Gather evidence
Take command
Ensure SSofW
Provide support to the IC
Report to the PRO/PRC
Record all findings including good practice
```
182
Ops considerations at collapse structure incidents?
Crews do nothing until given 'positive direction'
Appoint safety officers
Agree evacuation signal and assembly point
Minimum crew to be used
Frequently rotate crews
Emergency teams must be on standby at all times
183
Define Emergency Evacuation?
The immediate and controlled withdrawal of all. Personnel from the scene of operations to a place of safety
184
If issues are experienced shutting down traction current, who should be informed on return to station?
The Operational Planning Division (via GMs)
185
Name the 3 key activities in the closing stages of an incident according to NICs?
Maintain control
Crew welfare
Incident debrief
186
List the Station Manager responsibilities under H&S
Provide safe conditions through safe systems & PPE
COSHH & staff training
Monitor compliance and implement remedial action where necessary
Supervise where necessary
Control contractors and/or visitors
Assess risk to employees and MoP affected by our work
Train staff and keep records
Ensure all staff are aware of the H&S policy and understand their responsibilities pertaining to it
PC M SCATE
187
Who has the authority to expose personnel to environments not exceeding 100mSv?
Only the HMEPO or RPA
N.B. The individual must consent
188
Examples of Asbestos usage?
Spray insulation on heating pipes & boiler rooms
Floor and ceiling tiles
Break linings
Gaskets in heating installations
189
Considerations for siting MLUs?
Good ventilation due to generator fumes
Consider delay in delivery (4 hours)
Vehicle access (units are put in place via hiab or forklift)
Safety of contractor/driver and vehicle
LFB staff must remain with the contractor at all times inside the outer cordon
Ensure a strong wind warning is not in force and/or lightening or thunder expected
If a forklift is required the IRU should be ordered to coincide with the delivery time of the MLUs
190
What are the principles of operational command and tactics according to NICs?
```
Perform rescues
Take steps to prevent spread
Contain the spread
Extinguish
Commence salvage
Commence ventilation
Commence cutting away
Consider the welfare of victims
```
191
What information is required to isolate overhead power lines?
Location
Voltage
Route letter and tower number
Circuit colour
192
What are the component parts of the Brigade's strategic response arrangements?
Commissioner's Group (CMB and advisors)
Continuity Management Team (Heads of service)
Duty Brigade manager (AC)/ Gold Commander
Brigade Co-ordinating Group (BCG)
Gold Support Team - supports the AC when remote
Planning Support; Information Management; Logistics; Operations; and Communications cells
LFB emergency planning team
193
Which resources can be used to reduce risk to acceptable levels?
PPE
BA
Specialist equipment (HP, TL)
Safety officers
194
What is the minimum PPE beyond a bridgehead?
FFs must be wearing BA
Except in exceptional circumstances where crew safety can be established beyond reasonable doubt
195
Define 'Trains run under caution'
Drivers are advised that persons are on the track and must proceed at a speed which will enable them to safely stop if necessary.
This can be up to 50mph on long straight stretches or as low as 5mph on bends
196
Who chooses the armband colour at major incidents for the inner cordon?
The Police silver will pick one of 4 colours on the day for security
197
What is the role of the planning cell?
To plan:
```
Large scale decontamination of equipment
BA cylinder charging
The replacement of frontline equipment
Large scale refuelling
Protracted/large scale reliefs
Change of watch arrangements
```
198
Where are FF shafts provided?
Any building with floors more than 18m above or 10m below access level
199
When we test an EPD what are we checking?
The absorbed dose
| Dose rate is the default screen setting
200
Does fire gear need cleaning after dealing with cement asbestos sheeting?
No
Specialist cleaning is not required following advice from HMEPO
201
When should a survey meter be turned on at an incident?
I the crew cab on route
202
Who has the duty to advise the public at radiation incidents?
LFB
203
How do we provide protection against:
1. Alpha and Beta emitters
2. Gamma and X Rays
1. GTCPS
| 2. Time - Distance - Shielding
204
Specifications of BTP O2 BA?
Up to 4 hours working duration
Cannot augment supply, therefore must have sufficient air for decontamination
205
What are the shaving requirements of BA?
Anything which comes into contact with the double reflex seal
206
Define absorbed dose?
The amount of radiation which has been absorbed
N.B. Absorbed dose can be anticipated by (Dose rate x anticipated time of exposure)
207
What is the safe capacity for electrical gloves?
3300v
208
What is the maximum capacity of the FRU boat?
7 people
209
When must a full stop be sent?
When any of the following applies:
Any assistance/ informative messages have been sent
More than one hose reel has been used
4 or more appliances in attendance
People involved, require rescue or are injured
Where the IC has confirmed they are attending a HazMat incident
210
What are the 4 stages/elements to 'lead and support' people to resolve operational incidents?
Plan action to meet the needs of the incident
Implement action to meet planned objectives
Close down the operational phase of incidents
Debrief people following incidents
211
Define dose rate?
How fast a dose is being absorbed
212
What is the difference between irradiation and contamination at radiation incidents?
Irradiation is external damage caused to the body through electromagnetic radiation, e.g burns.
Contamination is internal damage caused through inhalation, absorption, injection and ingestion of partial radiation and gamma rays.
Protection from irradiation is time-distance-shielding and GTCPS must be used to prevent contamination
213
What is the role of the BCC?
The primary role is to implement the actions and decisions of the duty BM or Gold Commander.
Overseen by a DAC
214
What does a Strategy Statement consist of?
| .
The strategic objectives are outlined
And a plan to achieve these objectives
This is written by the Gold Commander
215
What are the 3 levels of command?
Bronze - Operational
Silver. - Tactical
Gold. - Strategic
216
At what temperature do steel cylinders become at risk from failure?
300*C
217
What is the PDA for water rescue level 2
2 FRUs with boat and path
The SM and water rescue advisor will be advised
218
Define L2 water
When fire service personnel ENTER the water to perform a rescue
219
How are the sectors of an incident numbered?
Sector one is the main scene of operations, generally the front of a building. they are numbered clockwise, 1-4.
3 is always at the rear
220
Types of collapse
```
Pancake
90*
Inward/Outward
Lean to
'V' collapse
Tent
Curtain
Total collapse
```
221
What are the biological effects of radiation on the body?
Somatic. Physical effects by damaged body cells can be: acute (burns, sterility & radiation sickness); and chronic, such as
cancer
Genetic. Damage sustained in reproductive organs can be passed on to children
222
Do we need to use generators in LUL premises/track level for lighting and/or power tools?
No
LUL have 110v outlets provided at the head and tail wall cabinets and at intervals along tunnels
223
What is the minimum entry pressure for SDBA?
240 bar
224
Can air bags be used to lift a tram?
No
The should not be used to lift an upright tram. FRU tangy jacks should be used instead.
225
What wristband is issued to contaminated FFs at incidents?
F4208
This should be worn for up to 7 days and permission to divulge medical information must be sought on form 2608
226
When should a PRO be done?
At all make ups
Persons reported or trapped
Indications f a shortfall in operational performance of equipment, procedures or personnel
When the above have performed to a high standard
Any long SERDs event
227
When should traffic cones be used at RTCs?
To designate a safe working area between appliances.
NOT to fend off or close lanes/roads
228
When does the low pressure warning whistle sound on BA sets?
At 84 bar
Time remaining = 12 mins in SDBA and 18 mins in EDBA
229
When should ECOs commit BA emergency teams?
Any time a team fails to return by time of whistle
When a DSU is activated
When it is clear a dangerous situation is developing
When it appears that any BA wearer is in distress
230
Should a BA team withdraw if comms is lost?
No. They should consider it
They MUSt withdraw if comms and telemetry is lost
231
What must ICs do before leaving an asbestos incident?
They must handover control of the situation to the relevant authority: either the owner or LA Environmental Health
232
What is the purpose of Tactical Modes?
To record the outcome of the ICs DRA with Control
233
What are the steps an IC should take at the initial stages of an incident according to NICS?
Evaluate the situation, tasks and persons at risk
Introduce and declare tactical mode
Select safe systems of work
Assess the chosen systems of work
Introduce additional control measures
Re-assess systems of work and additional control measures
234
List the CU communications facilities?
Main scheme and incident ground fixed radios
Dedicated command channel 2 (provided by on board and mobile repeaters)
Leaky reader cable
Mattel field telephone and cable for point to point wired comms
Met helicopter downlink
Remote conferencing facility (messaging/text only)
235
What are SRS?
Supplementary Restraining Systems
SRS power connections are all yellow and may still be live up to 30 minutes after battery disconnection
Fire ground radios must not be used inside the car
236
How often should messages be sent?
1st message should be sent within 20 minutes
Every 30 minutes after that
Every 60 minutes with 8 or more PAs attending
237
Anything over (?) mSv will be formally investigated?
10mSv
238
IC considerations when managing particulate hazards?
Damp down
Position teams upwind
Ventilation/air extraction
239
What types of risk critical events must ICs respond to and change tactical modes?
Signs of collapse or actual collapse
Imminent explosion or actual explosion
Fire spread between floors or compartments
Deteriorating visibility or weather conditions
240
Define High Voltage?
Greater than 1000v AC; or 1500v DC
241
What are the handheld radio channels?
1. General incident command channel
2. Additional command channel (only when the CU is in attendance using leaky feeders)
3. Used under direction of the IC for specific fire ground tasks
4. Only used under direction of the duty radio engineer
5. Leaky feeder
6. BA
7. Police interagency - only used with Police permission
8. Police interagency - only used with Police permission
10. CPS Mapping channel (used between CU staff)
11. LHR airport channel (LFB do not transmit)
242
What is TOPS?
Total Operations Processing System
243
At fires, when can BA teams be committed without fire fighting media?
To carry out support functions such as hose management or ventilation
244
What is the correct radio message for implementing water rescue procedure?
Water rescue procedure level 1/2 implemented. Tactical mode.......
Priority....fire fighter(s) entering water, implement water rescue procedure level 2
245
What is the minimum rank of officer in charge of mobilising at FCMP
Group Manager
246
What are the types of particle radiation?
Alpha
Beta
247
Who decides on the position/extent of the inner cordon at a major incident?
Police and fire silvers
They also establish appropriate entry/exit points
248
Safe radio distances at IED incidents?
50m Main Scheme Radio
10m Handheld
N.B. Pagers can be worn
249
When are DRMs and WRMs required?
Building regulations require:
Buildings over 60m to have wet rising mains
(50m as of 2006)
Buildings over 18m to have dry rising mains
250
What is BCGA?
British Compressed Gases Association
251
Types of Electro-Magnetic radiation?
Gamma
X-ray
252
How much battery life remains when the symbol flashes on an EPD?
10 hours
253
What is the minimum INITIAL cordon for ANY cylinder at risk of failure?
200m
If a cylinder is subject to significant heating or direct flame impingement
254
What type of radiation causes an external risk?
Electromagnetic
255
When is the primary duty of the Brigade achieved at IED incidents?
Once any fire has been extinguished and injured persons have been removed
256
What denotes a Yankee hazard on an MDT?
A red icon
For security reasons info is not available on the MDTs but can be obtained from Control
257
Define BCG and BCC
Brigade Co-ordination Group
Brigade Co-ordination Centre @ RMC
258
What is the minimum rank for an inner cordon controller and inner cordon recorder?
Watch Manager
With FF assistants for each entry/exit point
259
What type of filter should be worn on respirators at asbestos incidents?
P3 filter
260
What is an ACM?
Asbestos Containing Material
261
What is a FCMP?
Forward Control Mobilising Point
262
When should a Police escort be used at Civil Disturbances?
ONLY when lives are believed to be at risk (persons reported)
263
What is the purpose of a PRO?
To ascertain the efficiency and effectiveness of:
Individual;
Team;
Procedural; and
Equipment performance
This is at incidents and in training
264
What are the 2 main forms of Asbestos?
1. Insulation, gaskets etc (asbestos fibres are easily released)
2. Cement Asbestos Sheeting (low risk, locked in by cement)
265
What are the colours of asbestos?
Blue
Brown
White
266
List waterborne diseases
```
Salmonella
Amoebic Dysentery
Tetanus
Typhoid
Polio
Hepatitis
Weil's Disease (Leptospirosis)
```
267
Considerations when siting appliances at IED incidents?
```
Cordons
Not in direct line of sight
Away from glass
Away from secondary hazards (parked cars/garages)
Behind hard cover
Upwind if chemical/bio hazard
Secondary devices
Request police
```
268
What regulation requires "duty holders" or the responsible person to disclose the presence of ACMs in non-domestic premises?
Control of Asbestos Regulations (CAR) 2006, Regulation 4
This guidance states that FRS should be informed as we are the most likely to disturb
269
Initial fire fighter actions?
```
Information gathering and risk assessment
Carrying out obvious rescues
Initial attack with a covering jet
Gaining access
Establish water supplies
```
270
Define 'Radiation Emergency'
An event likely to lead to a MoP receiving a dose of 5mSv in the year following the event
Definition according to REPPIR 2001
271
What is the minimum cordon for asbestos incidents?
25m UPWIND
272
Actions to reduce risk according to NICS
```
Hazards elimination
Substitution
Use of barriers
Use of procedures
Use of warning systems
Use of PPE
```
273
What is Ionisation?
When an item in our body is broken up/ disintegrated in to charged particles by the energy in radiation
Electron stripped out is a negative ion. Atom remaining is a positive ion
274
What type of radiation causes an internal risk?
Particle radiation
275
If your dose rate alarm sounds on an EPD what should you do?
Withdraw until it cancels (90 microseiverts)
Compare it to other personnel's EPDs
Send message 'Radiation Suspected'
276
What is the CAP test?
Cylinder Assessment Process
1. Stop application. Of cooling water after 1 hour
2. Record temperature using TIC (highest temperature)
3. Observe for violent steaming or rapid drying
4. Leave cooling water off for 15 minutes
5. Apply momentary spray of water and turn off
Repeat steps 2-5 four times (1 hour)
The full process must always be completed even if the cylinder passes first stage
277
Who should wear BA radio comms?
The Team Leader
278
Who is the responsible person when overhead cables and pylons are involved?
The National Grid "Authorised Person"
279
Which LEDs on the Bodyguard indicate a Telemetry signal?
Blue flashing LED
Green indicates operational mode
280
What R/T messages can be sent to a FCMP?
Status changes (must be via RT not MDT)
Assistance messages
Running Calls
All other messages (informatives and stops) must be written down and given to the CU @ FCMP on return
281
Equipment carried on CUs?
Team leader have digital cameras - which can be down loaded on CUs
BA 2nd set carry bags
282
What are HVACs
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems
283
What is the PDA for FF Emergency?
```
6 PAs consisting of 3 WMs
2 FRUs
1 FIU
1 CU
LAS
Press Officer
SFSOS
SAI
3 x SMs
GM
DAC in charge
```
284
What is the role of the resource/logistics cell?
To maintain an accurate log of LFB resources including:
Personnel;
Appliance;
Equipment; and
Consumables
285
When can a DTW occurs?
Any deprivation of air:
1. During actual use or training;
2. During any checks before imminent use in a contaminated environment (don and start, fireground A test);
3. When being worn leaving a contaminated atmosphere
4. Actual or potential deprivation of air due to a restriction in the wearer's ability to operate controls or remove the facemask
5. A defective BA set harness prevents the set being worn by pulling on the face mask
286
What cloths are used to clean respirator masks?
Wipex PAL cloths
Safety wash can be used on station (2 squirts per 9 ltrs of water)
287
What are the radiation alarm triggers?
Dose rate alarm - 100 microsieverts per hour (intermittent double bleep fast)
Absorbed dose alarm - 5mSv (slow constant dual tone)
Emergency/exceptional exposure alarm - 100mSv (continuous single tone)
288
When is a strategic level of response and planning (Gold Command) to be implemented?
Any known or spontaneous event that requires a Gold Commander
289
What should a Monitoring Officer initially ascertain?
The IC's:
Plan;
Intended tactics; and
Communication structure
290
Does a BA set need retesting if a dual purpose mask is used as a respirator?
Yes.
An 'A' test must be carried out on return to station
291
How are MLUs recorded on the incident ground?
Each MLU is issued with a tally for recording:
Location;
Start up time; and
Refuelling details
These tallies will be collated and collected by CU staff
292
What should be done with a hydrant at Civil Disturbance Incidents?
The key and bar should be removed
A jet should ideally be used directly from the hydrant
293
What does ALARP mean in radiation incidents?
As Low As Reasonably Possible
294
Where should EPDs be worn?
Non radiation incident - inside tunic pocket
On BA chest strap
On tunic fly front/storm flap if not wearing BA
295
When can a cylinder on fire be turned off?
When it is alight from the valve group
I consultation with the HMEPO
It must NOT be isolated if alight at the neck where the valve enters the cylinder
296
Minimum safe distances from rail tracks?
Not normally within 3m of Overhead Line Equipment (OLE)
1m for the rescue of live persons
297
Must FFs in respirators wear ADSUs?
Yes
298
Should failed composite cylinders be extinguished?
No
They should be allowed to burn out
(Like gas fires. They should only be extinguished with advice from the HMEPO)
299
Where should the FRU park at an RTC?
Beyond the incident
300
What is the minimum size of an inner cordon at RTC?
2m around the vehicle(s)
301
What is the size of the outer cordon around an RTC?
Minimum of 5m around the inner circle
302
In vehicles with 'proximity keys' (press button ignition), how far should keys be away before the car can be deemed safe?
20m
303
What is the minimum number of FFs to remove a vehicle windscreen in one piece?
2
304
What is the potential size of a fireball at a cylinder incident?
25m diameter
305
What are the levels of incident ground command support?
Level 1 = ICP and CPO
Level 2 = Dedicated Command Support (CUs)
306
What is the minimum weight of attack in basement fires?
45mm jet with 45mm covering jet
307
What are the recognised signals for warning trains?
Day = both hands raised above your head
Night = lamp/light waved side to side
308
Should brigade look outs be used at rail incidents?
Yes
309
How is the inner cordon decided at radiation incidents?
It should not exceed 0.2 microsieverts per hour
It should therefore be assessed continuously
310
When is contamination deemed to be present?
When the contamination reads greater than 5 counts per second above background
N.B. background is normally 2-3
311
What is the PDA for FSG calls?
1 additional PL
1 Station Manager
1 Command Unit
These are additional to the persons reported PDA
312
Who is responsible for the inner cordon at major incidents?
LFB
We are responsible for inner cordon control and scene safety
("Safety management of all personnel within the inner cordon")
313
Should blue lights and audible warnings be used at civil disturbances?
No
314
What can exposure to Asbestos do to the respiratory system?
It can cause terminal lung disease
315
Control room operators can supply ICs with information for premises up to ..........
10, 100, 500 & 1000m from the incident address
316
When recording absorbed dose rate on the F2608, what is the calculation?
Current absorbed dose (at the time of completing the form back on station) - reading on entry/last daily test
N.B. a SERDs must be started and the accumulative dose rate (rolling 12 months) added to the sticker inside the individuals helmet
317
How many CUs does LFB have?
1. Edmonton
2. Islington
3. Barking
4. Lewisham
5. Woodside
6. Twickenham
7. Wembley
8. Fulham
318
What are the average voltages of overhead power lines?
400,000v
275,000v
132,000v
Below 132,000v are normally on wooden poles
319
How can ICs find out the current voltage of overhead power lines?
There is an ID plate fixed to the side of the tower nearest the road
It can also be taken from adjoining towers
320
Define Civil Disturbance
Spontaneous or planned hostile behaviour causing public disorder by a group or groups of people who may also be inflicting random damage to property
321
When can the cordon be removed at cylinder incidents?
All four of the following criteria must be met:
Fire has been extinguished
Cylinders are identified as definitely not Acetylene
All cylinders have been located
All involved cylinders are receiving direct cooling
322
Which incidents would attract a CU on the PDA?
```
Multiple calls to a fire in a premises
Persons reported
Confirmed Hazmats
Cylinder incidents
Forward Mobilising Procedure
Major incidents
Mass Decontamination
```
323
When is the portable hygiene unit (PHU) deployed to incidents?
It is mobilised at all 10 pump fires and has a turn out time of 2.5 hours
Provided by Wernick Events Hire Ltd
324
What is the background dose rate of radiation?
0.2 microsieverts per hour
325
Who is responsible for briefing BA crews?
The IC or a suitable designated officer, NOT the ECO
326
List the signs and symptoms of Weil's disease
3 - 4 days. Flu like symptoms
6 - 7 days. Severe headache and conjunctivitis
8 - 10 days. Kidney failure and jaundice
327
How many fire ground A tests can be done?
One
After the 2nd wear the set must be B tested
N.B. a 'B' test must also be done if it is not your set and has already be worn
328
Can respirators be used sub surface?
Yes
BUT the attendance of the HMEPO or SA should be ensured prior to deployment
DIM equipment must be used to monitor 02
329
When should respirators not be deployed?
Oxygen deficient atmospheres
Toxic atmospheres
Flammable atmospheres
Fire Gases exist
Confined Spaces (substantially enclosed or where there is significant foreseeable risk)
(FF COT)
330
What are the 4 defined functional areas of command support provided by CU teams?
1. Operations Support (advice on command support levels)
2. Communications Support (monitoring radio traffic and formulating messages)
3. Logistics Support (establishing RVPs, organising reliefs and projecting resource requirements)
4. Planning Support & Information Management ( providing information, recording info and tasks and drawing plans)
(PILOC)
331
What is LFEPA's plan to inform the Public re Radiation Emergencies?
Stage 1 = Verbal information only, door to door/face to face
Stage 2 = Leaflet drop
Stage 3 = joint emergency services briefings, news conferences and interviews etc
