MMODE Flashcards
What are 5 M-MODE Examinations and what views are they imaged in?
-PLAX view: AV and LA, Mitral Valve, LV
-APICAL4 Chamber RV focussed view: TAPSE
-Subcostal: IVC-with respiratory variation
Where is the cursor positioned for the PLAX M-MODE of the aortic valve and the LA.
positioned through the aorta at the level of the Sinuses of valsalva. Perpendicular to the long axis of the aorta, and parallel to the aortic annulus.
Where is the cursor positioned for the PSAX M-MODE of the aortic valve and the LA.
View PSAX (Level with the great vessels) focus on AV. Cursor positioned through the Aorta at the level of the Sinus of valsalva. Perpendicular to the short axis of the Aorta
Describe the M-Mode movement cycle of the Aortic Valve and left Atrium
1.The anterior and posterior Aortic root move parallel 2.During systole the anterior and posterior wall move anteriorly reflecting filling of the left atria3. During diastole they move slightly posteriorly before…4. Moving anteriorly again before Atrial contraction. The Aortic Valve remains closed during diastole. 5.Then the Aortic valve opens during systole and the RCC moves anterior while the NCC moves posteriorly,They follow parallel to the Aortic root walls.6. They then close again during diastole and remain shut during diastole. the left anterior wall is continuous with the posterior aortic wall ( theyre hence viewed as the same structure). 7. The left Atria anterior wall moves anteriorly during diastole, and then moves slightly posteriorly just prior to atrial contraction, where it moves anteriorly again.
What are 5 Anormalities detected on AV and LA M-MODE
- Bicuspid Aortic valve=Eccentric closure of Aortic valve
- Dilated Aortic root and / or LA
- Reduced Aortic root motion and low cardiac output.
- Reduced cusp separation and or low cardiac output
5.Mid systolic closure of the valve, LVOT obstruction
Describe Aortic stenosis on M-MODE
Leaflets thickened with reduced opening
Describe - Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy on M-MODE
Mid systolic notching of the right coronary cusp.
Describe Severe heart failure on M-MODE
Leaflets demonstrate insufficient opening. Also the left atria is big and not as much anterior movement.RV also looks big
Describe positioning of PLAX - Mitral valve on M-MODE
Seen in PLAX of LV. Positioned directly through the tips of the Mitral valve. Parallel to the mitral valve annulus
Describe positioning of PSAX - Mitral valve on M-MODE
Seen in PSAX of level of the mitral valve. Positioned directly through the tips of the Mitral valve. Perpendicular to theshort axis of mitral valve annulus
Which is longer the AMVL or PMVL?
The AMVL is larger which is why you get a larger M than W shape
What are the descriptions associated with the D,E,F,EF,A,B,C phases of mitral valve cycle on M-MODE (Upload picture)
D: Closed AMVL at the onset of diastole
E:Massive early diastolic motion of the AMVL due to early rapid filling LV pressure { LA pressure
F: Leaflets begin to close, posterior movement of AMVL. LV Pressure rises as the LV fills and the LA pressure lowers as it empties LV pressure } LA pressure
EF: Diastolic closic motions of AMVL. Represents the rate of LA emptying and or filling. Usally the EF slope is steep
A: Reopening of the AMVL following atrial contraction
B: Usually absent with normal filling pressures. Indicitave of elevated LVEDP
C:AMVL Closure prior to ventricular systole
What are 6 Anormalities detected on Mitral valve on M-MODE
- Diastolic flutter of AMVL(Eccentric posteriorly directed AR)
- Reduced EF slope (MS)
- B-notch: Increased LVEDP
- Flutter A waves (atrial flutter)
- Systolic anterior motion of AMVL (HOCM)
6.Hammocking (Mitral MVP)
During diatole at the early onset of rapid filling the interventricular septum moves anteriorly and the posterior wall moves posteriorly
This continues during filling
The IVS moves slightly anteriorly
The posterior wall moves
