MMT Flashcards
1
Q
cervical rotation with lateral flexion
A
muscle: SCM
inn: CN 11 (C2-C3)
position- supine
4. movement- turn head all the way to CL side from testing and lift head
5. resistance- light, against temple
6. GE- none
7. sub- trunk or cervical flexion, trunk rotation
2
Q
head/ cervical/ AO flexion (4 muscles)
A
- RCA, RCL, longus capitus, longus cervicis
- inn: (C1-C8)
- position- supine
- movement- touch chin to chest then lift head off table
- resistance- forehead
- GE- none
- sub- trunk flexion, suprahyoids
3
Q
head/ cervical/ AO extension (6 muscles)
A
muscles: RCP major/ minor; splenius capitus/ coli; erector spinae; transverse spinae
inn: (C1-C8)
2. position- prone, head hanging over table
3. movement- raise head to at least neutral (can rotate left of right to tease out sides)**if very weak they can rest head on table and look if they can lift it
4. resist- light resistance on upper occiput
5. palpate- traps
6. sub- trunk extension
7. GE- none
4
Q
trunk flexion (1 muscle) **know grading system
A
- rectus abdominus (T7-T12)
- position- supine, hands behind head =5 , while PT stabilizes thighs
- movement- lift trunk and try to lift past inferior angle of scapula
- resistance- none, PT stabilizes thighs (grading hands cross chest =4, hands by sides =3)
- palpate- abs
- substitution- cervical flexion, hip flexion
- GE- none
5
Q
trunk extension (2 muscles)
A
- erector spinae and transversospinales (T1-L5)
- position- prone with hands behind head (women should have breasts off table) while PT stabilizes legs
- movement- extend spine to raise chest off table past nipple line
- resist- some overpressure on upper back
- palpate- none
- substitution- cervical extension
- GE- none
6
Q
Kendalls test (3- muscle, movement and grading)
A
- rectus abdominus (C7-T12)
- supine, assist legs to 90 degrees of hip flexion and bring legs down until pelvis tilt cannot be maintained any longer and measure angle
- grading:
3 = 75 degrees
3+ = 60 degrees
4- = 45 degrees
4 = 30 degrees
4+ = 15 degrees
5 = <15 degrees
7
Q
MMT grades summary (2)
A
5-3 - against gravity, full ROM
2-1 gravity eliminated
8
Q
MMT - grade 5
A
5= full ROM, against gravity, max resistance
9
Q
MMT grade 4 (3)
A
4+= full ROM, against gravity, mod-max resistance 4= full ROM, against gravity, mod resistance 4-= full ROM, against gravity, min resistance
10
Q
MMT grade 3 (3)
A
3+ = full ROM, against gravity, slight resistance 3= full ROM, against gravity, no resistance 3- = >1/2 ROM, against gravity, no resistance
11
Q
MMT grade 2 (3)
A
2+= > full ROM, gravity eliminated, slight resistance 2= > full ROM, gravity eliminated, no resistance 2-= >1/2 ROM, gravity eliminated, no resistance
12
Q
MMT grade 1 (2)
A
1+ = < 1/2 ROM, palpable contraction (= trace contraction) 1= no appreciable ROM but palpable contraction
13
Q
MMT grade 0
A
no movement or palpable contraction
14
Q
hip flexion
A
- iliopsosas (femoral nerve)
- sit (to minimize thigh muscles)
- movement- hip hike
- resist- against femur
- palpate- none
- sub- flex/ aBduct, or hip extension for whole exercise to recruit rec fem
- GE- side ly or PT cradles patients leg
15
Q
hip flexion, aBduction and external rotation
A
- Sartorious (femoral nerve)
- sit
- movement - do sartorious movement
- resist- push thigh down and in, calf up and out
- palpate- off ASIS
- sub- ?
- GE- slide active leg up and down opposite shin
16
Q
hip external rotation (6 muscles)
A
- (superior -> inferior) piriformus (nerve to piriformis), gemellis superior, obdurator internus (nerve to OI), gemellis inferior (nerve to quad fem), obdurator externus (obdurator nerve), quadratus femoris (nerve to quad fem)
- position- sit
- movement- rotate in and out below knee, make sure hip is at 90
- resist- prox to medial malleolus
- palpate- behind greater trochanter
- sub- flex with aBduction
- GE- long ly, ext rotate, PT holds leg, but not much resistance
17
Q
hip internal rotation (2 muscles)
A
- glut min, TFL (superior gluteal nerve)
- postion- sit
- movement- rotate in and out below knee, make sure hip is at 90
- resist- prox to lateral malleolus
- palpate- glut min- ant surface of iliac blade, deepTFL- posterior to ASIS
- sub- flex with aDduction
- GE- long ly, int rotate, PT holds legs, but not much resistance
18
Q
hip aBduction
A
- gluteus medius (superior gluteal nerve)
- side ly, PT stands behind, pt bends bottom knee
- movement- straight leg raise, make sure hip doesnt bend
- resist- distal femur
- palpate- below crest of ilium
- sub- flexed hip or pelvic hiking
- GE- supine
19
Q
hip aBduction with flexed hip
A
- TFL (superior gluteal nerve)2. side ly, PT behind, pt bends bottom knee
- movement- flex hip to 45 and straigt leg raise
- resist- distal femur
- palpate- behind ASIS
- sub- flex hip more or less
- GE- long sit, lean back and aBduct leg
20
Q
hip aDduction (5 muscles)
A
- anterior -> posterior pectinus (femoral nerve),
adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis, adductor medius (all others obdurator nerve) - side ly with active leg on bottom, cross other leg over top with foot flat on bench
- movement- leg lift
- resist- distal femur
- palpate- ??
- sub- ext/ int rotate
- GE- supine
21
Q
hip extension (2 muscles)
A
- glut max (inferior gluteal nerve), hamstrings (sciatic nerve)
- prone (if pt has tight hip flexors can do against wall)
- movement- extend leg- to test gluteus max bend knee
- resist distal femur
- palpate- butt :) glut max and hamstrings at ischial tuberosity
- sub- pelvis rotation, adductor magnus, anterior pelvic tilt
- GE- supine
22
Q
plantar flexion (2 muscles) *know grading sytem
A
- gastroc and soleus (do same thing with bent knee) (inn- femoral nerve)
- standing on testing leg
- test- stand on testing leg and push up (hold onto table)grading*
5 =20 toe push ups
4= 10-19 toe push ups
3= 1-9
1-2 long sit and hold toes and have them push into you
SUB- toe flexors (tom, dick and harry), inversion, using table to push off
23
Q
ankle inversion with dorsiflexion
A
- tibialis ant (deep fib n L4-S1)2. sitting
- movement- up and in
- palpate
- resist- push down and out
- sub- tibialis posterior (inversion only), strong toe extension (extensor digitorium longus or extensor hallicus longus)
- GE- side ly?
24
Q
ankle inversion with plantarflexion
A
- tibialis posterior (tibial n L5-S1)
- side ly with testing leg on bottom
- invert and plantar flex
- palpate- medial malleoli
- resist- push eversion and down
- sub- inversion only (tibialis ant), dick and harry (flexor)
- GE- supine
25
ankle eversion with plantar flexion (2 muscles)
1. fibularis longus and brevis (sup fib n L4-S1)
2. side ly with testing leg on top
3. motion- evert and plantar flex
4. palpate- 5th MT
5. resist- push into inversion and dorsiflexion
6. sub- long toe extensors
7. GE- supine
26
1st MTP flexion
1. FHL (tibial/ med plantar nerve)
27
1st MTP extension
1. EHL/ EHB (deep fibular nerve) ** GT extension is a good test for L5 compression
2. sitting
3. motion- extend toe
4. palpate- top of foot
5. resist- push into flexion
6. sub-
28
```
inn of leg compartments
ant
lateral
posterior deep
posterior superficial
```
1. anterior- deep fibular nerve** tests L5 compression
2. lateral- superficial fibular nerve
3. deep posterior - tibial
4. superficial posterior- tibial
29
knee flexion
1. hamstrings (sciatic nerve)
2. position- prone, towel under distal thigh for comfort
3. movement- bend knee
4. resistance- distally - malleoli
5. palpate- hamstrings
6. sub- gastroc, hip hiking, hip flexion
7. GE- side ly
30
knee extension
1. quads- (femoral nerve)
2. position- sitting
3. movement- extend knee
4. resistance- distal shin
5. palpate- quads
6. sub- hip strategy, hip rotation
7. GE- side ly
