Mneumonics Flashcards

(64 cards)

0
Q

Signs sickle cell ds

A
SICKLE
Splenomegaly
Infection
Cholelithiasis
Kidney - haematuria
Leg ulcer, liver congestion
Eye changes
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1
Q

Signs chronic liver ds

A
ABCDEFGHIJ
Asterixis, as cites, ankle edema
Bruising, low BP
Clubbing
Dupytrens
Erythema palmar, encephalopathy
Foetor
Gynaecomastia 
Hepatosplenomegally 
Increased parotid
Jaundice
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2
Q

Causes massive splenomegaly

A

MMM
Myelofibrosis
Malaria
CML

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3
Q

Causes thrombocytopenia

A
PLATELETS
Platelet ds; TTP, ITP, DIC
Leukaemia
Anaemia
Trauma
Enlarged spleen
Liver ds
Ethanol
Toxins; heparin, aspirin, chemo
Sepsis
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4
Q

Signs Polycythaemia rubra Vera

A
PCRV
Plethora, pruritis
Cyanosis
Ringing in ears
Vision blurred
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5
Q

Causes of DIC

A
CLOTS
Cancer
Liver ds
Trauma
Sepsis
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6
Q

Causes hyponatraemia

A
KILLER
Kidney ds
Iatrogenic
Liver ds
Loss fluid; diarrhoea, vomit
Endocrine; siADH, hypothyroid, adrenal
Reduced cardiac output
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7
Q

ACTH deficiency

A
ACTH
Low ACTH
Cortisol low
Test synacthen
Hypoglycaemia
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8
Q

Causes of siADH

A
Surgery
Iatrogenic, intracranial
Acute respiratory 
Deficient corrisol
Hypothyroid
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9
Q

Clinical signs DKA

A

DKA
Dehydration, drowsy
Ketoacidosis, Kaussmaul, K+
Acetone breath, abdo pain

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10
Q

Causes DKA

A
5Is
Infection
Ischaemia
Infarction
Ignorance 
Intoxication
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11
Q

Tx DKA

A
PANICS
Potassium
Acidosis
Normal saline
Insulin infusion
Catheter, culture
Stomach aspiration, subcut heparin
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12
Q

ECG changes Wolf Parkinson white

A

WPW
Wave delta
PR shortened
Widened QRS

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13
Q

Medical cadioversion, prophylaxis AF

A

AF
Amiodarone
Flecainide

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14
Q

Causes cardiac arrest

A
4H 4T
Hypovolaemia, hypoxia
Hyper/hypokalaemia, hypothermia
Tension, thromboembolism,
Tamponade, toxin
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15
Q

CXR signs Heart failure

A
ABCDE
Alveolar edema
B line
Cardiomegaly
Dilated upper airway vessels
Effusions
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16
Q

Management HF

A
BAD IV
B blocker
Ace
Diuretic
Ionotropes
Vasodilators
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17
Q

Drugs affecting AV nodes

A
Do Block AV
Digoxin
B blocker
Adenosine
Verapamil
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18
Q

SE and CI statins

A

HMG
Hepatoxicity
Myopathy
Girl pregnancy, growing child

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19
Q

Cause of metabolic acidosis

A
UKSLAMS
Uraemia
Ketoacidosis
Salicylate
Lactic acidosis
Alcohol
Methanol
Sepsis
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20
Q

Sx open angle glaucoma

A
OPEN
Optic disc pale
Pressure >21mmHg
Emerging from disc; vessels appear broken
Nasal and superior fields lost first
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21
Q

Sx ALL

A

ALL
Aching bones, Anaemia,
Lymphadenopathy
Lethargy

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22
Q

Stills ds Sx

A
STILLS
Spiking temps
arThralgia
Increased liver/ spleen size
Lose weight, blood (anaemic)
Looks like malignancy
Salmon pink rash
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23
Q

Gait abnormalities

A
PC SHAW
Parkinsonism 
Cerebellar
Spastic
Hemiplegic
Antalgic, ataxic
Waddling; proximal myopathy
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24
Change in consciousness
``` AEIOU TIPS Alcohol Encephalopathy, epilepsy Infx Opioid Uraemia Trauma Insulin Psychosis Syncope ```
25
CTG interpretation
DR C BRAVADO
26
Post partum haemorrhage
``` 4Ts Tone Tissue Trauma Thrombin ```
27
Menopause Sx
``` FSH >20IU/L Flushing Sweats Headaches Insomnia Urge incontinence Libido decreased; vaginal dry ```
28
Causes of seizures
``` GRAND MAL; epilepsy Glucose Raised BP; malignant HTN Anoxia Neuro; infx, Ca Drugs Metabolic; Ca2+, Na Alzheimer's Liver failure ```
29
Peripheral neuropathy
``` ABCDEFGHI Alcohol Vit b 1,6,12 Cancer, connective tissue ds DM, drugs Everything else Friederichs ataxia GB Hereditary peroneal atrophy ```
30
Cerebellar ds Sx
``` DANISHP Dysdiado Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Spurred speach Hypotonia Past pointing ```
31
Causes gastroenteritis
``` LESS GERMS Listeria E. coli S aureus Salmonella, shigella Giardia Entamoeba histolytica Rotavirus Mushrooms ```
32
Complication P faliciparum malaria
``` MALARIA Metabolic acidosis Anaemia Lungs; p edema Altered consciousness Reduced glucose ARF from ATN ```
33
Migraine triggers
``` CHOCOLATES Cheese OCP Caffeine alchOL Travel Exercise Sleep disturbance ```
34
PD Sx
``` 4Ss Slow Shaking Stiff Stooped ```
35
Complications PD
``` 4Ds Depression Dementia Autonomic dysfunction Death; pneumonia, PE ```
36
Delirium dx
``` Consciousness DIPPS Clouding consciousness +2: Disoriented Incoherent speech Perceptual change Psychomotor change Sleep affected ```
37
Cortex v medulla
Cortex - centre | Medulla - middle
38
CKD tx
``` ABCDE Anaemia BP, bone Calcium Drugs/ diet; renal diet (low protein) Edema; diuretics ```
39
Polyarteritis nodosa Sx
PAN Proteinuria/ Pericarditis Aneurysms/ abdo pain/ arthralgia Necrotising vasculitis
40
Dialysis indications
``` AEIOU Acidosis Electrolytes Intoxication Overload Uraemia ```
41
Problems Haemodialysis V Peritoneal dialysis
``` HD Hypotension Dysequilibrium syndrome V PD Peritonism Decrease efficiency ```
42
Pneumonia grading
CURB65 Confusion Urea >7 RR>30
43
TB management
``` RIPE Rifampicin Isoniazid Pryrazinamide Ethambutol ```
44
Rifampicin SE
Pissin orange
45
OA X-ray changes
``` LOSS Loss joint space Osteophytes Subchondral cyst Subchondral sclerosis ```
46
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
``` CRAP Crohns Reactive AS Psoriasis ```
47
Retro peritoneal structures
``` PACKED Pancreas Aorta, IVC Colon/ rectum Kidneys Esophagus Duodenum ```
48
Post op pyrexia
``` 5Ws Wind Wound Water Walk - DVT Wonder where abscess etc ```
49
Causes pancreatitis
``` IGETSMASHED Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion Hyperlipidaemia ERCP Drugs ```
50
Pancreatitis grading
``` Modified Glasgow score PaO2 55 No >15 Ca < 2 Renal - urea >16 Enzymes - LDH >600 Albumin < 32 Sugar >10 ```
51
Severe pancreatitis
> 3 modified Glasgow score
52
Complications gastrectomy
3Ds Dumping Diarrhoea Deficient diet; vitamins
53
Limb Ischaemia; Sx
Pulseless, pale, perishingly cold | Pain, paraesthesia, paralysis
54
Lateral rotators of thigh
PGOGOQ | Piriformis, gemellus s, obturator i, gemullus i, obturator e, quadratus
55
Perineal v peroneal
Perineal; in between legs v Peroneal, on legs
56
Median nerve muscles Innervated
Hand; LOAF
57
Tx soft tissue injuries
``` RICE Rest Ice Compression Elevation ```
58
Lipids biochemistry results
54321 | Total lipid 1
59
P450 inducers
``` CRAP GPS induce me to madness Carbemazepine Rifampicin Alcohol; chronic Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitone Sulphonylureas ```
60
P450 inhibitors
``` SICK FACES. COM Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol; binge Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole Grapefruit juice ```
61
Causes of raised prolactin
``` 5 Ps Pregnancy Prolactinoma Physiological PCOS Primary hypothyroidism Phenothiazine, Metoclopramide, domoeridone ```
62
ABG | Pt on oxygen?
Rule of 19 | If pO2 + pCO2 > 19 : pt on oxygen
63
Hypokalaemia ECG change
U have no Pot and no T | But a long PR and a long QT