MNSR 41 - Endocrinology ; Hormones of the Adenohypophysis.. Flashcards
(66 cards)
what part of the anterior pituitary gland are responsible for chief source of trophic hormones
pars distalis
trophic hormones function
regulate hormone secretion from another endocrine gland
name six different cell types associated with anterior pituitary gland
Corticotrophic – ACTH Thyrotrophic – TSH Gonadotrophic – FSH & LH Somatotrophic – GH Lactotrophic – Prolactin Chromophobic – unknown
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone name:
i) Structure
ii) Plasma half life
iii) Target Organ
iv) Control centre
i)Glycoprotein alpha chain (92 aa) beta chain (110 aa) ii)35-55mins iii)thyroid follicular cells iv)Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone name;
i) Structure
ii) Plasma half life
iii) Target Organ
iv) Control centre
i)Peptide 39 amino acids ii) 5 - 10 mins iii)adrenal cortex iv)Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone
Follicle Stimulating hormone name; i)Structure ii)Plasma half life iii)Target Organ iv)Control centre
i)Glycoprotein alpha chain (92 aa) beta chain (115 aa) ii)60 mins iii)ovary - follicles testis - germinal epithelium iv)Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone name;
i) Structure
ii) Plasma half life
iii) Target Organ
iv) Control centre
i)Glycoprotein alpha chain (92 aa) beta chain (115 aa) ii)60 mins iii)ovary- ovulation corpus luteum testis- Leydig cells iv)Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone
Prolactin name;
i) Structure
ii) Plasma half life
iii) Target Organ
iv) Control centre
i)Polypeptide 199 amino acids ii)30 mins iii)mammary gland ? male prostate iv)PRIH = dopamine
Growth hormone (Somatotrophic hormone) name;
i) Structure
ii) Plasma half life
iii) Target Organ
iv) Control centre
i)Polypeptide 191 amino acids ii)30 mins iii)liver - somatomedin iv)Growth hormone releasing hormone
What does thyroid stimulating hormone stimulate?
Stimulates thyroid to release two hormones;
T4 – Thyroxine
T3 - Triiodothyronine
what organs and parts of the pituitary gland help control negative feedback of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) to operate?
through the hypothalamus
Directly on the pars distalis
how is TSH secreted and what time of the day does its activity peak?
in a pulsatile/pulsating manner with peak activity at night
describe morphological action of TSH?
Stimulates growth in the size and number of the thyroid follicular cells
What is the overall impact of the TSH in the body?
May enhance the uptake of thyroid hormone by muscle cells
ACTH
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
Also called corticotrophin
where is ACTH released and what hormones stimulate the release of this hormone ACTH?
Released from pituitary in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from hypothalamus
What organ does Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone/ACTH target?
targeting the adrenal gland specifically the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone/ACTH stimulates the synthesis and release of…
Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens (e.g. testosterone precursor)
How is ACTH secreted throughout and what time of the day is its peak?
Secreted in a pulsatile/pulsating manner during the day peaking in early morning and low in late evening
Long term effects of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone/ACTH?
Initiating and maintaining the full development of the adrenal gland
What are the short term effects of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone/ACTH?
Responds to “stress reaction” where any stress to the body will cause release of ACTH within seconds
How does negative feedback of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone/ACTH operate?
- rise in cortical adrenal hormones leads to decreased ACTH and CRH
Other name of cortisol hormone?
stress hormone
where is cortisol hormone released?
Adrenal cortex
