Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RD Exam > MNT > Flashcards

MNT Flashcards

1
Q

Food Allergy

A

abnormal immune response to a protein in a food source (that most individuals are able to consume); may be IgE (histamine rxn) or non-IgE mediated (ie FPIES).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Food Intolerance

A

a reaction (that doesn’t involve the immune system) that occurs to a (generally, non-protein) substance in a food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common food allergens for children

A

eggs, fish, shellfish, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, soy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common food allergens for adults

A

fish, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HIV/AIDS: laboratory values to monitor for protein status

A

albumin, prealbumin, TIBC, or transferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HIV/AIDS: dietary goals and recs

A

maintain/improve nutrition status, avoid malnutrition; food consistency and nutrients evaluated based on symptoms; increase kcal and pro to aid in resistance to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HIV/AIDS: dietary modifications

A

nausea- small, freq meals

anorexia/poor appetite - small, freq, nutrient dense meals

xerostomia - moist foods, sauces, gravies; increase fluid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

pro def, adequate kcal; loss of visceral protein, distended abdomen, fatty liver, edema, moon-shaped face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anasarca

A

massive edema; may occur in Kwashiorkor, organ failure, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marasmus

A

pro and kcal def; extreme loss of somatic and visceral pro, emaciated, muscle wasting, very low body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diabetes: Dx criteria

A 
FBG - ≥ 126 mg/dL
Random BG ≥200
Two-hour plasma glucose ≥200
A1c ≥ 6.5% 
Confirmed by a second test on a different date
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diabetes: glycemic control goals (A1c, pre-prandial, and 2-hour post-prandial)

A

A1c <180

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diabetes: diet therapy goals

A

Control BG levels, eating a diet balanced with all necessary nutrients; normalize blood lipids, weight maintenance, improve overall health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T2DM: weight loss and insulin resistance

A

10-20 lbs can aid in lowering insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pre-diabetes: dx criteria

A

FBG 100-125

A1c 5.7-6.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pre-diabetes: treatment

A

weight loss, physical activity, healthy diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gestational diabetes: risk factors

A

family hx, >25 yrs, prior macrosomia baby, hx of GDM or pre-diabetes, overweight BMI, African American, American Indian, Asian, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander descent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gestational diabetes: testing

A

Occurs at 24-28 weeks gestation with OGTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diabetes: macronutrient distributions for meal planning

A

CHO 45-60%
Protein 10-20%
Fat <10%
Fiber 20-35 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gastroparesis

A

delayed gastric emptying due to damage to the vagus nerve, which causes peristalsis; nutrition intervention = small, freq, low-fat, low fiber meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lispro (Humalog) - action onset, peak action, effective duration

A

Rapid Acting

<15 minutes
1-2 hours
3-4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Regular - action onset, peak action, effective duration

A

Short Acting

1/2-1 hour
2-3 hours
3-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

NPH - action onset, peak action, effective duration

A

Intermediate Acting

2-4 hours
4-10 hours
10-16 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Glargine (Lantus) - action onset, peak action, effective duration

A

Long Acting

2-4 hours
NONE
20-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Gout
high conc of uric acid in blood; MNT = low purine diet, limiting meats (esp organ meats)
26
Reactive hypoglycemia
improper CHO metab; weakness, shakiness, dizziness, hunger; occurs following a meal due to remaining excess insulin after food is gone; MNT = small meals with protein
27
Fasting hypoglycemia
improper CHO metab; weakness, shakiness, dizziness, hunger; occurs without food or as a result of meds; MNT = small meals with protein
28
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
genetic disorder; prevents b/d BCAA, which results in BCAA accumulation (isoleucine, leucine, valine); blood levels of BCAA should be monitored and dietary restrictions of this AA req. High protein, medically therapeutic foods low in BCAA available.
29
Phenylketonuria
Avoid phenylalanine; increase tyrosine; eliminate aspartame.
30
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Genetic disorder; mental disabilities, decreased muscle tone, persistent hunger--> overeating and morbid obesity. MNT = low kcal; limit access to food
31
Cancer: MNT to maintain weight (kcals reqs)
``` kcal reqs = 1.1-1.45 x BEE small meals (to decrease nausea); comfort foods; frequent snacking; avoid dietary restrictions; encourage patients to eat when they feel the urge; avoid strong spices if mouth is sore and when taste aversions are found ```
32
Anemia: Vitamin B12 or folate
Macrocytic - megaloblastic; pernicious (B12)
33
Anemia: Iron
hypochromic, microcytic; hemorrhage, diet, malabsorption
34
Anemia: normochromic, normocytic
may occur in pregnancy, renal disease, overhydration
35
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet
``` <200 mg cholesterol 25-35% calories total fat, 50-60% CHO 20-30 g fiber ~15% protein Increase seafood (n-3 FA), fiber, f/v. ```
36
Congestive Heart Failure
lowered cardiac output affecting Na and fluid retention; MNT = reduced Na diet and meds
37
HTN: Classifications
Normal <80 Prehypertension 120-139 or 80-89 Stage 1 HTN 140-159 or 90-99 Stage 2 HTN ≥160 or ≥100
38
HTN: Treatment/MNT
Wt loss, Na restriction, exercise, meds; DASH diet
39
Crohn's disease
MNT: low-fiber diet, include adequate calories and protein
40
Dumping Syndrome
Disorder of pyloric sphincter leading to food mass in jejunum. Symptoms: cramping, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea quickly after consuming a meal. MNT: several small meals, high protein and fat, low CHO
41
Cystic Fibrosis
High conc Na in sweat; MNT: high calorie, high pro, vitamin supplements, pancreatic enzymes
42
Billroth I
remainder of stomach attached to duodenum
43
Billroth II
remainder of stomach attached to jejunum
44
Roux-en-Y
bypass in which upper part of the stomach is sectioned off into a smaller area and the jejunum is connected.
45
Bariatric surgery: Nutritional Considerations
Def - Iron, Ca+, vitamin B12 Slow progression to solid food post-surgery Meals should include complex CHO, pro, fat Fluids consumed 1 hr before or after meals
46
Short bowel syndrome
Concerns: nutrient malabsorption, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, wt loss Treatment: TPN for as long as needed; small meals
47
Cirrhosis: MNT
Adequate kcal and pro; restricted Na and fluids
48
ESLD
Ascites, encephalopathy, portal hypertension MNT: adequate kcal (increased for ascites or malabsorption), vit/min suppl For hepatic encephalopathy, BCAA enriched formulas may be indicated among patients with severe encephalopathy who do not respond or comply with lactulose or tolerate std pro
49
Pancreatitis
Symptoms: cramping and diarrhea MNT/treatment: pancreatic enzymes, low-fat diet, avoidance of alcohol
50
Alzheimer's Disease: treatment for feeding problems and weight loss
Meals served w/o distractions; plates/bowls different colors than food; snacks and supplements; finger foods. Be mindful of dysphagia.
51
Epilepsy: MNT
Ketogenic diet - useful if not responding to meds; once ketosis is established, rec is 3 or 4 grams of fat per every one gram of CHO and protein COMBINED.
52
CVA: MNT
assess (swallow eval), treatment of dysphagia if needed, adequate nutrition, enteral nutrition if needed
53
Osteoporosis: Definition and risk factors
progressive bone loss associated with increased risk of fractures. Risk factors: female, caucasian, Asian, post menopausal, inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol
54
Osteoblasts
BUILD (aid in production of) bone tissue
55
Osteoclasts
Catabolize (aid in the breakdown) of bone tissue
56
Osteoporosis: Dowager's hump
Loss of height and curvature of the upper spine
57
Osteoporosis: treatment
Ca and vit D, weight bearing exercise, estrogen replacement therapy, meds to decrease bone loss
58
Glomerulonephritis: symptoms and treatment
S: edema, htn, proteinuria T: fluid control, protein control, adequate calories
59
ARF: MNT
Protein, fluids, P, Ca, K, Na should all be considered and might require restriction
60
GFR
Calculation based on serum creatinine, age, gender, and race. Normal 90-120 mL/min
61
Serum creatinine
Inversely related to GFR Normal 0.8-1.2 Male; 0.6-1.0 female Ratio of creatinine to BUN can assess kidney damage. Damage occurs at ratio of 1:10
62
Stage 5 CKD (ESRD)
GFR < 15 mL/min Uremia Treatment: Dialysis (HD, PD- CAPD or CCPD)
63
CKD: Nutrient Considerations (stage 1-4)
``` kcal 30-35 kcal/kg protein = 0.6-0.75 g/kg Na = 1-3 g/day K = usually not restricted Ca = 1.0-1.5 g/day Fluids = usually unrestricted Vit/min = B complex, C, D, Fe, Zn ```
64
CKD: Nutrient Considerations (HD)
``` kcal 30-35 kcal/kg protein = >1.2 g/kg Na = 1-3 g/day K = 2-3 g/day to adjust to serum levels Ca = ≤2 g/day Fluids = urine output + 1000 mL Vit/min = B complex, C, D, E, Fe, Zn ```
65
CKD: Nutrient Considerations (HD)
``` kcal 30-35 kcal/kg protein = 1.2-1.3 g/kg Na = 2-4 g/day K = 3-4 g/day to adjust to serum levels Ca = ≤2 g/day Fluids = maintain balance Vit/min = B complex, C, D, E, Fe, Zn ```
66
COPD: MNT
Increase kcal; macronutrient distribution for a favorable RQ (Fat 30-45%, pro 15-20%, CHO 40-55%); ox of fat req < O2 than CHO does
67
Metabolic acidosis
Reduced pCO2, and/or pH. Causes: starvation, low CHO diet, diabetic ketosis, uremia. Body compensates by increased resp, decreased H and increased bicarb excretion in kidneys
68
Metabolic alkalosis
Increased pH and bicarb. Causes: diuretic use, persistent vomiting. Body compensates by decreased resps; kidneys decrease H and increase bicarb excretion
69
Respiratory acidosis
reduced pH due to hypoventilation secondary to COPD, emphysema, or asthma. Body compensates: increased bicarb resorption.
70
Respiratory alkalosis
Increased pH generally due to hyperventilation. Body compensates: increased bicarb excretion.

RD Exam (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions