MOA Table 2

Question 1

What are 3 digestive system drugs?

Answer 1

Maropitant

Apomorphine

Metoclopramide

Question 2

What is maropitant mode of action?

Answer 2

-a licensed anti-emetic that blocks the action of substance P, a neurotransmitter that causes the brain to perceive nausea and creates the impulse to vomit

Question 3

What is maropitant uses?

Answer 3

-treats or prevents vomiting

Question 4

What is apomorphine mode of action?

Answer 4

-an opioid that is used to induce vomiting by acting centrally to stimulate the vomiting centre in the brain

Question 5

What is apomorphine use?

Answer 5

-indices emesis (vomiting)

Question 6

What is metoclopramide mode of action?

Answer 6

-a centrally acting anti-emetic that also works locally on the GI tract
-it also enhances peristaltic activity

Question 7

What is metoclopramide uses?

Answer 7

-treats or prevents vomiting
-treats GI stasis

Question 8

What is metoclopramide side effects?

Answer 8

-can cause excitement or aggression in dogs
-cannot be used in epileptic patients

Question 9

What are 3 chemotherapeutic agents?

Answer 9

Vincristine

Cyclophosphamide

Prednisolone

Question 10

What is vincristine mode of action?

Answer 10

-causes metaphase arrest
-interferes with microtubules formation and prevents formation of the nuclear spindle, which ultimately leads to cell death

Question 11

What is vincristine use?

Answer 11

-treatment of canine and feline neoplastic disease

Question 12

What is cyclophosphamide mode of action?

Answer 12

-alkylating agent
-its metabolites interfere with DNA synthesis and function and RNA transcription
-this causes DNA strands to break and act on all stages of the cell cycle

Question 13

What is cyclophosphamide uses?

Answer 13

-treatment of cancer
-treats other immune mediated diseases

Question 14

What is prednisolone mode of action?

Answer 14

-enters the cell nucleus and alters gene expression in the cell leading to inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators

Question 15

What is prednisolone uses?

Answer 15

-asthma and severe allergic reactions
-immune mediated diseases

Question 16

What are prednisolone side effects?

Answer 16

-increased drinking and urination
-weight gain
-anorexia
-vomiting
-diarrhoea

Question 17

What are 4 cardiovascular and urinary drugs?

Answer 17

Benzapril

Pimobendan

Frusemide

Spironolactone

Question 18

What is benzapril mode of action?

Answer 18

-is an ace inhibitor (angiotensin converting enzyme)
-ace is the natural enzyme for converting angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2, by inhibiting the enzyme it causes veno and arteriodilation
-ace inhibition also causes the body to lose salt and water

Question 19

What is benzapril uses?

Answer 19

-treats congestive heart failure in dogs/cats
-treats chronic renal insufficiency in cats

Question 20

What is pimobendan mode of action?

Answer 20

-has properties of the positive inotropes therefore altering muscle energy, increasing the strength of muscular contractions
-it causes peripheral vasodilation, decreased blood pressure which decreases the hearts workload

Question 21

What is frusemide mode of action?

Answer 21

-a loop diuretic as it acts on the loop of henle
-loop diuretics increase urine flow by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium and potassium in the loop of henle, thus removing excess fluid
-since these substances are not reabsorbed water does not follow them by osmosis and instead water, sodium and potassium are lost to the urine

Question 22

What is Spironolactone mode of action?

Answer 22

-works by antagonising the action of aldosterone
-aldosterone causes an increase in the salt and water reabsorption into the bloodstream from the kidney thereby increasing the blood volume, respiratory salt levels and blood pressure
-this drug does not promote the passing of potassium in urine, it encourages the kidneys to pass more fluid and with that salt

Question 23

What are 5 analgesic and anaesthetic drugs?

Answer 23

Methadone

Buprenorphine

Naloxone

Medetomidine

Atipamezole

Question 24

What is methadone mode of action?

Answer 24

-a strong full agonist analgesic which binds strongly to the mu-receptors and has a high affinity and potency

Question 25

What is methadone uses?

Answer 25

-analgesic -sedative or pre-medication

Question 26

What are methadone side effects?

Answer 26

-bradycardia -respiratory depression

Question 27

What is buprenorphine mode of action?

Answer 27

-a synthetic opioid analgesic with a loner duration of action than morphine and methadone -a partial agonist which binds strongly to cell receptors and has a high affinity, mainly affecting the opioid mu-receptor -may increase the animals tolerance for pain and decrease the perception of suffering, although presence of pain may be recognised

Question 28

What is buprenorphine uses?

Answer 28

-analgesia -sedation -as it effects the central nervous system

Question 29

What is naloxone mode of action?

Answer 29

-pure opioid antagonist that binds to all types of opioid receptors in the body

Question 30

What is naloxone use?

Answer 30

-reverse effects of opioids administration

Question 31

What is Medetomidine mode of action?

Answer 31

-classed as alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist as it stimulates the alpha 2 receptor sites on the neurons that normally release norepinephrine -norepinephrine is part of the sympathetic nervous system and is responsible for keeping the animal alert -this results in producing a calming effect and reduces animals ability to respond to stimuli

Question 32

What is Medetomidine use?

Answer 32

-analgesic

Question 33

What is Atipamezole mode of action?

Answer 33

-a selective a2-antagonist -indicated for reversal of the sedative effects of Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in cats and dogs