Mode Of Action Flashcards
What drugs are classified by the way in which they bring about their effect on the body?
-this could be any drug which increases the amount of urine produced and the amount of salt excreted would be referred to as diuretic
What drugs are classified by the body system or infective agent that they affect?
-this could be any drug which acts on the nervous system collectively, but would include a range of drugs such as sedatives, local anaesthetics and behaviour modifying agents
What is the purpose of vaccines?
-to provide immunity to the susceptible animal by introducing a disrupted and harmless version of the pathogen into the body
What do vaccines stimulate?
-stimulates the defence system to produce an immune response in the absence of clinical disease, although it may not completely protect the animal
What is a live vaccine?
-contains live organisms that have been attenuated by culturing the pathogen into controlled conditions
-they stimulate a response but have the risk of causing disease
What is a killed vaccine?
-inactivated vaccine which Conan’s dead organisms
What do dead organisms do?
-they cannot replicate within the body and are gradually removed by phagocytosis, multiple doses are required to produce suitable antibody levels within the patients body
What is an antimicrobial?
-a substance that has the capability of killing or inhibiting the growth of a microorganism such as bacteria, virus or fungi
-they can be classed as being naturally occurring, semi synthetic or synthetic
What are antibacterial?
-a substance that has a specific effect of eradication bacteria, these can be naturally occurring, semi synthetic or synthetic
What are antibiotics?
-a substance produced by a microorganism that has the effect of killing or inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms
What do bactericidal drugs do?
Kill bacteria
What do bacteriostatic drugs do?
-inhibits growth (stops division)
-doesn’t kill bacteria
What are 3 antibacterial drugs?
Amoxicillin
Cephalexin
Oxytetracycline
What are the characteristics of amoxicillin?
-low protein binding
-low potency
-high therapeutic index
-metabolised by liver
-excreted by kidneys
-good absorption, rapid acting
What is amoxicillin mode of action?
-inhibits synthesis of a layer of bacteria cell wall during cell division, which is essential for survival
What are side effects of amoxicillin?
-skin rashes
-itching
-numbness
-fever
-swelling
-shouldn’t be used in small herbivores
What are characteristics of cephalexin?
-well absorbed
-short half life
-exerted via kidneys
What is cephalexin mode of action?
-works similarly to penicillins
-inhibits synthesis of the bacterial cell wall
What are side effects of cephalexin?
-hypersensitivity
-skin rashes
-itching
-numbness
-fever
-swelling
What are characteristics of oxytetracycline?
-intermediate half life
-excreted via bile into small intestines
What is oxytetracycline mode of action?
-actively absorbed by bacteria but not cells
-inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
-doesn’t kill bacteria, animals immune system eliminates bacterial protein synthesis
What are side effects of oxytetracycline?
-depress bone growth
-causes yellow discolouration in young animals
When are antivirals used?
-of limited use
-used to treat feline conditions such as FIV or FeLV
What do antifungals do?
-kill or stop the growth of fungi
