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Molecular Pathology > Mock > Flashcards

Mock Flashcards

1
Q

Which molecules are involved in the anchoring of cells to an extracellular matrix?

A

the integrins

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2
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephrons

• Two main type of nephron:
	• Juxtamedullary nephron.
	• Cortical nephron.
		○ Most common.
Each kidney contains approximately 1.25 million nephrons.
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3
Q

Where are podocytes seen?

A

specialized epithelial cells that cover the outer surfaces of glomerular capillaries.

An epithelial cell that lines the inside of the Bowman’s capsule.

glomerular (visceral) layer of Bowman’s capsule

Has many branching processes. (feet)

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4
Q

What vessel is a branch of the interlobular artery?

A

Branches - Afferent arterioles
Vein - Interlobular veins
Supplies - Glomerul

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5
Q

What makes up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A
  • Where the distal tubule contacts the afferent/efferent arteriole the epithelium is modified to form the macula densa.
  • Interspaced within the macula densa are juxtaglomerular cells.
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6
Q

What is the space between the renal pyramids called?

A

The renal columns are the tissue in between the pyramids.

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7
Q

What type of tissue lines the bladder?

A

The urinary bladder lining is a specialized stratified epithelium, the urothelium.

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8
Q

What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules?

A

The kidney tubules are simple cuboidal epithelium.

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9
Q

Cancer cells use important enzymatic tools known as _______ like swords to cut through the extracellular matrix (surrounding tumour region) in order to achieve migration and metastatic growth.

A

Matrix metalloproteases

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10
Q

Which cell type is involved in the general sensation of the olfactory mucosa?

A

Brush cells are involved with general sensation of the olfactory mucosa.

Olfactory cells are bipolar neurons that are the receptors for smell.

Sustentacular cells are supporting cells.

Sustentacular cells are most numerous cell type in the olfactory epithelium.

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11
Q

Proximal convuluted tubules play an important role in the reabsorption of glucose

A

True

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12
Q

What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s capsule is a double layered cap surrounding the glomerulus

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13
Q

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree?

A

Alveoli

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14
Q

Compact bone is made up of _______________ cemented together

A

Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons

  • White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, the cells that attack bacteria in the blood.
  • Fluid from the intestines called chyle, which contains proteins and fats.
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15
Q

which bones are part of the cranium?

A
  • Frontal bone. This is the flat bone that makes up your forehead. It also forms the upper portion of your eye sockets.
  • Parietal bones. This a pair of flat bones located on either side of your head, behind the frontal bone.
  • Temporal bones. This is a pair of irregular bones located under each of the parietal bones.
  • Occipital bone. This is a flat bone located in the very back of your skull. It has an opening that allows your spinal cord to connect to your brain.
  • Sphenoid bone. This is an irregular bone that sits below the frontal bone. It spans the width of your skull and forms a large part of the base of your skull.
  • Ethmoid bone. This is an irregular bone located in front of the sphenoid bone. It makes up part of your nasal cavity.
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16
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are able to receive cellular debris and foreign particles because ?

A

of the structure of their flaplike valves

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17
Q

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte?

A

Dust cells

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18
Q

What traits characterize antigens?

A

Antigens come only from foreign microorganisms

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19
Q

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles?

A

type I pneumocyte

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20
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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21
Q

Which cell is also called a septal cell?

A

Type II pneumocyte

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22
Q

The juxtaglomerular cells are:

A

Are able to secrete hormones

Modified smooth muscle cells

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23
Q

Which of the following statements are true about the proximal convulted tubule?

 Arises directly from the Bowman’s capsule.
• Made up of cuboidal epithelial cells.
• Cells are rich in mitochondria
Have prominent brush border.
ALL of these above
A

•ALL

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24
Q

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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25
Q

Early treatment is critical for NHL no matter what the type or stage

A

false

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26
Q

TNM Stands for

A

Tumour, Node, Metastases

27
Q

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell?

A

Type I pneumocyte

28
Q

What type of tissue lines the pharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

29
Q

What is the inner region of the kidney called?

A

Medulla

30
Q

The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis is called the:

A

epiphyseal disk (growth plate).

31
Q

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung?

A

lined by simple squamous epithelium

32
Q

Which of these is not a function of lymph nodes?

A

produce red blood cells

33
Q

Through what systems can a cancer cell travel during metastasis?

A

Circulatory and Lymphatic

34
Q

What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to?

A

any of the triangular sections of tissue that constitute the medulla, or inner substance, of the kidney

Medullary ray

35
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle?

A

False

The internal urethral sphincter is made of a layer of smooth muscle that is surrounded by striated muscle.

36
Q

What vessel is formed from an aggregation of the glomerular capillaries?

A

Efferent arteriole

37
Q

Where would Peyer’s patches be found?

A

small intestine

38
Q

What are the foot processes (finger-like projections) on podocytes?

A

pedicels

39
Q

The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the

A

Osteoblasts

40
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of hyaline cartilage?

a. Thyroid cartilage
b. Cricoid cartilage
c. Arytenoid cartilage
d. Corniculate cartilage
e. All of the above

A

E

41
Q

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?

A

Composed mostly of elastic cartilage,

42
Q

Which structure leads to the collecting duct?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

43
Q

Which cell secretes surfactant?

A

Type II pneumocyte

44
Q

The proximal tubules do not play a role in bicarbonate reabsorption

A

True

45
Q

A soft spot in a newborn’s skull is called a:

A

Fontanel

46
Q

What vessels arise from the efferent arteriole?

A

Peritubular capillaries

47
Q

Loop of Henle

A
  • Decreasing Limb:
    • Squamous epithelial cells become thinner and flattened.
    • Cells have less mitochondria.

• Ascending limb:
lined by cuboidal epithelial cells

48
Q

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa?

A

Basal cells are located in the basal lamina

49
Q

cells allows for water reabsorption in response to ADH secretion

A
50
Q

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea?

A

hyaline cartilage

51
Q

Renal corpuscules are found within the renal cortex?

A

true

52
Q

How many bones in the body?

A

206

53
Q

Johnny is having an asthma attack and feels as if he cannot breathe. Why?

A

Spasms in the bronchiole smooth muscle have blocked airflow to the alveoli

54
Q

What is Angiogenesis?

A

is the formation of new blood vessels

55
Q

What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called?

A

Medullary ray

56
Q

What are The pleural membranes?

A

are two layers of serous membrane which enclose and protect the lung

57
Q

does the left lung consists of two lobes?

A

the left upper lobe (LUL) and the left lower lobe (LLL).

The right lobe is divided by an oblique and horizontal fissure,

where the horizontal fissure divides the upper and middle lobe,

and the oblique fissure divides the middle and lower lobes.

58
Q

Where is the apex?

A

The apex of the lung is located where the upper lobe begins,

while the base of the lungs is by the diaphragm,

59
Q

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

60
Q

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

A

lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue, which is ciliated and which includes mucus-secreting goblet cells

61
Q

RENAL FUNCTIONS

A

• Water and inorganic ion balance.
• Removal of metabolic waste products from blood to urine.
• Removal of foreign chemicals (eg drugs) from blood to urine.
• Gluconeogenesis.
- Production of glucose from amino acids and other things
Production of hormones/enzymes, renin, Aldosterone production
Vitamin D modification
Erythropoietin production

62
Q

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule?

A

squamous epithelium

It is a stratified epithelium composed of basal cells along the basal lamina and several layers of squamous cells, which become progressively flatter toward the luminal surface.

63
Q

What does BOWMAN’S CAPSULE AND GLOMERULUS Collectively form?

A

the renal corpuscle.

Molecular Pathology (10 decks)

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