Mock Flashcards
What test would you do to detect myalgia cause or cause of rhabdomyolysis?
Creatinine kinase
Which drugs can cause interstitial nephritis?
-antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin)
-ACEinhibitors
-NSAIDs
In a patient with risk of visual impairment and raised IOP, what is the first line?
Laser trabeculectomy
Which aromatic /cyclic system found in warfarin ?
Coumarin
In black African patient with type 2 diabetes, what would you give to treat their hypertension?
An ARB such as losartan. First like for all diabetic patients is ACEi, however black African patients should not be given ACEi. ARB works best in this case
Causes of heart failure?
-AF
-CAD
-persistent HPT
-valvular heart disease
What is bumetanide?
A diuretic which works by inhibiting sodium, potassium and chloride cotransport system in ascending limb of loop of Henle
What is significant about heparins such as enoxaparin?
They are given not orally, but via injection
Which staining reagent would be more suitable to visualise primary amino acids on a thin layer chromatography plate?
Ninhydrin
List each lipid modification drug and explain how they work give eg
- Selective cholesterol reabsorption inhibitor
eg ezetemibe
-reduces delivery of chol to liver
-less uptake
-increased LDL clearance - Statin eg atorvastatin
-inhibit HMGcoA reductase
-reduces synthesis of chol in liver
-increased LDL clearance - Nicotinic acid
-activates PPAR or alpha receptor - Fenofibrate
-reduces triglyceride synthesis
- less LDL secretion - Bile acid sequestrant eg colestyramine
-bind to bile acid
-prevents enteropathic cycling
-reduce hepatic cholesterol
List each diuretic, explain how they work, give eg
- Osmotic diuretic mannitol
-increase osmolarity of tubular fluid
-increased urinary vol therefore inc diuresis - Loop diuretic furosemide
-act in thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle
-prevent absorption of sodium, chloride and potassium - Aldosterone antagonists/potassium sparing diuretics eplerenone
-inhibit sodium absorption in collecting ducts - Thiazide/like diuretics bendroflumethiazide
-inhibit sodium and chloride exchange in collecting tubule and DCT - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetalzolomide
-increase renal loss of bicarbonate
-alkalises the urine
-increased diuresis
what is the difference between stenosis and occlusion?
Stenosis is narrowing and occlusion is blockage
What is the different between BMS and DES?
Bare metal stents and just used to hold the artery open, but drug eluting stents are coated with a drug such as:
- antimitotic agent to decrease cell proliferation
or
-immune suppressant to reduce inflammation
What are the pleotropic effects of statins?
- increase eNOS activity
- anti-inflammatory effect
- anti-thrombotic effect
How would you counsel a statin?
D- take 20mg once daily
U-take at night because this is when the lover produces most cholesterol
M-renal function, liver function, full lipid profile, thyroid tests (some patients may get creatinine kinase tested)
S-report any myalgia (muscle aches, tenderness, pains)
C-avoid grapefruit juice
