Mock Exam AP Psych

Question 1

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

Answer 1

fluid intelligence

Question 2

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age; facts

Answer 2

crystallized intelligence

Question 3

a strict style of parenting that places high expectations on children

Answer 3

authoritarian parenting

Question 4

the parents are nurturing, responsive, and supportive, yet set firm limits for their children

Answer 4

authoritative parenting

Question 5

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue; show brain anatomy

Answer 5

MRI

Question 6

a mood stabilizing medication prescribed primarily for bipolar disorder, a mental health disorder with extreme highs and lows of mood

Answer 6

lithium carbonate

Question 7

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

Answer 7

dissociative identity disorder

Question 8

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli; commonly used to treat phobias

Answer 8

systematic desensitization

Question 9

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Answer 9

deindividuation

Question 10

in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Answer 10

conditioned stimulus

Question 11

in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically) triggers a response

Answer 11

unconditioned stimulus

Question 12

a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

Answer 12

confounding variable

Question 13

Who made the stages of cognitive development?

Answer 13

Piaget

Question 14

What stage of cognitive development?
- 0 - 2 years
- experience the world through their senses; walking, putting stuff in their mouths
- lack object permanence up until 8 or 9 months

Answer 14

sensorimotor

Question 15

What stage of cognitive development?
- 2 - 6 years
- Make believe feels real
- egocentrism develops and they are unable to understand theory of mind (that people around them have their own thoughts, knowledge, beliefs, perceptions)
- cannot understand conservation

Answer 15

preoperational

Question 16

What stage of cognitive development?
- 7 - 11 years
- children can think logically
- rewards and punishments are understood (but not truth and justice)

Answer 16

concrete operational

Question 17

What stage of cognitive development?
- 12 +
- abstract and systematic reasoning develops
- can solve for x
- introspection (observe own mental/emotional processes)

Answer 17

formal operational

Question 18

A(n) __________ approach combines techniques from various forms of therapy

Answer 18

eclectic approach

Question 19

_____________ therapy treats psychological disorders with medications or procedures that act directly on a patient’s physiology

Answer 19

biomedical

Question 20

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Answer 20

major depressive disorder

Question 21

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart) - its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms

Answer 21

autonomic nervous system

Question 22

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Answer 22

sympathetic nervous system

Question 23

an organism’s decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it

Answer 23

habituation

Question 24

increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers; when presented after a response, strengthens the response

Answer 24

positive reinforcement

Question 25

increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli; when removed after a response, strengthens the response

Answer 25

negative reinforcement

Question 26

the brain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to the emotion and reward

Answer 27

hypothalamus

Question 28

What lobe? - portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

Answer 28

frontal lobes

Question 29

What lobe? - portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

Answer 29

parietal lobes

Question 30

What lobe? - portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Answer 30

occipital lobes

Question 31

What lobe? - portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Answer 31

temporal lobes

Question 32

two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion, fear

Answer 32

amygdala

Question 33

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Answer 33

reciprocal determinism

Question 34

What neurotransmitter? - give you feelings of pleasure, satisfaction and motivation

Answer 34

dopamine

Question 35

What neurotransmitter? - controls your mood

Answer 35

serotonin

Question 36

What perspective? - our childhood experiences and unconscious desires shape our behavior - Sigmund Freud

Answer 36

psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 37

PARTS OF THE EAR

Question 38

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

Answer 38

REM sleep

Question 39

What stage of sleep? - sleep marked by slow breathing and irregular brain waves (different from the slow alpha waves of a relaxed awake state); may experience hallucinations, or the hypnagogic sensation of falling in this stage of sleep

Answer 39

NREM 1

Question 40

What stage of sleep? - marked by periodic sleep spindles, bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity (theta waves), able to be awakened without difficulty

Answer 40

NREM 2

Question 41

What stage of sleep? - brain emits large slow delta waves associated with deep sleep; difficult to be awakened from

Answer 41

NREM 3

Question 42

What sleep disorder? - recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Answer 42

insomnia

Question 43

What sleep disorder? - uncontrollable sleep attacks, sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Answer 43

narcolepsy

Question 44

What sleep disorder? - temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Answer 44

sleep apnea

Question 45

encoding, _________, then __________

Answer 45

storage, retrieval

Question 46

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 46

sensory memory

Question 47

What person... - encoding from sensory memory goes to short term memory - "Magic 7" we can hold 7 (+/- 2) items

Answer 47

George Miller

Question 48

updated understanding of short-term memory that focuses on - conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information - information retrieved from long-term memory

Answer 48

working memory

Question 49

- retaining information unconsciously (nondeclarative memory) - automatic processing

Answer 49

implicit memories

Question 50

- memory of facts & experiences one can consciously know and declare (declarative memory) - effortful processing- this requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 50

explicit memories

Question 51

What type of explicit memory? - memories are personally experienced - what most people refer to as “memories"

Answer 51

episodic (events)

Question 52

What type of explicit memory? - general factual knowledge - not drawn from personal experience

Answer 52

semantic (facts)

Question 53

a process by which synaptic connections between neurons become stronger with frequent activation

Answer 53

long term potentiation

Question 54

Who? - stanford prison experiment, which demonstrated the power of social situations to influence people's behavior

Answer 54

Philip Zimbardo

Question 55

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

Answer 55

cerebellum

Question 56

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Answer 56

retroactive interference

Question 57

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. Contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving

Answer 57

parallel processing

Question 58

What personality cluster? - eccentric or odd behaviors

Answer 58

cluster A

Question 59

What personality cluster? - dramatic or impulsive behaviors

Answer 59

cluster B

Question 60

interprets normal physical sensations & symptoms of a disease

Answer 60

illness anxiety disorder

Question 61

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

Answer 61

savant syndrome

Question 62

What are the symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 62

- hallucinations - delusions - disorganized speech

Question 63

- bodily symptoms without an apparent physical cause - symptoms are specific like pain or nonspecific like fatigue - excessive concern about physical symptoms

Answer 63

somatoform disorder/somatic symptom disorder

Question 64

- the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need - we want to stay at homeostasis

Answer 64

Hull’s Drive Reduction Theory

Question 65

the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors—one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue—which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color

Answer 65

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory

Question 66

a compliance tactic that aims at getting a person to agree to a large request by having them agree to a modest request

Answer 66

foot in the door

Question 67

- how we explain our behavior depending on whether the outcome of our behavior is positive or negative - a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Answer 67

self serving

Question 68

the tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

Answer 68

fundamental attribution error

Question 69

- a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives - operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

Answer 69

ID

Question 70

- the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality - operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain

Answer 70

EGO

Question 71

- the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Answer 71

SUPEREGO

Question 72

Who did the monkey experiment? - wanted to study the mechanisms by which newborn rhesus monkeys bond with their mothers

Answer 72

Harry Harlow

Question 73

a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into composite representation of a slice of the brain’s structure

Answer 73

CAT scan

Question 74

obedience and punishment, instrumental purpose, good boy nice girl, law and order, social contract and universal ethical principle preconventional, conventional, and postconventional

Answer 74

kohlberg's stages of moral development

Question 75

What is the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?

Answer 75

shows how fast we forget new information we learn over time

Question 76

Who did dream analysis?

Answer 76

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 77

founded the idea of structuralism

Answer 77

Edward Titchener

Question 78

Who said operant conditioning influenced thoughts about child development

Answer 78

BF Skinner