Mock Exams Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

This refers to a psychologist’s ability to manage personal emotions effectively in professional settings.

Emotional competence

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The ___________ offers specific guidelines for psychologists who conduct research.

APA Ethics Code

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The APA Code of Ethics contains __ ethical standards.

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In psychology, these are stable patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions that characterize an individual’s personality over time and across different situations. They influence how individuals perceive and interact with their environment and others, reflecting consistent behavioral tendencies and emotional responses.

Personality trait

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In psychology, this term refers to peculiar or unique individual behaviors.

Idiosyncrasy

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In psychology, this is a learned behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur automatically or unconsciously.

Habits

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In psychology, this is a temporary, situational, or short-term emotional or psychological condition that fluctuates depending on the situation or environment.

(e.g. feeling anxious before an exam but not generally an anxious person)

State

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In psychology, this is a stable and enduring pattern of thinking, feeling, or behaving across time and situations shared across people.

(e.g. being generally optimistic or extroverted)

Trait

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In psychology, this is a descriptive quality or feature of an individual that may refer to physical, cognitive, emotional, or behavioral aspects that varies in time.

(e.g. being creative, having high intelligence, or having a unique speech pattern)

Characteristic

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These are ingrained patterns of relating to other people, situations, and events with a rigid and maladaptive pattern of inner experience and behavior, dating back to adolescence or early adulthood that deviate markedly from cultural expectations.

Personality disorders

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These refer to mental health conditions where an individual’s inherent personality traits or predispositions significantly impact their vulnerability to developing specific disorders. These traits, often involving tendencies toward negative emotionality, can heighten the risk of internalizing disorders like anxiety and depression, but they don’t necessarily guarantee their development.

Dispositional disorders

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These refer to impairments in cognitive functioning, such as memory or attention.

Cognitive deficits

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What is Cluster A in personality disorders?

Odd, eccentric

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What is Cluster B in personality disorders?

Dramatic, emotional, erratic

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What is Cluster C in personality disorders?

Anxious, fearful

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A personality disorder that is described to show distrust and suspicion of others, interpreting motives as malevolent.

Paranoid personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show detachment from social relationships, limited emotional expression, and preference for solitude.

Schizoid personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show social anxiety, eccentric behavior, magical thinking, and odd beliefs or speech.

Schizotypal personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show disregard for others’ rights, deceitfulness, impulsivity, and lack of remorse.

Antisocial personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions; fear of abandonment, impulsivity.

Borderline personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show excessive emotionality and attention-seeking; dramatic, theatrical, shallow relationships.

Histrionic personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy, sense of entitlement.

Narcissistic personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to negative evaluation.

Avoidant personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show excessive needs to be taken care of, submissive, fear of separation, difficulty making decisions.

Dependent personality disorder

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A personality disorder that is described to show preoccupation with order, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

When do personality disorders typically emerge?

During adolescence / early adulthood and remain stable over time

This is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive and gradual cognitive deficits due to severe cerebral atrophy, particularly affecting memory, thinking, and behavior.

Alzheimer's disease

This is a genetic disorder or chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.

Trisomy 21 (down syndrome)

This is a sudden change in mental abilities. It results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of someone's surroundings.

Delirium

This disorder involves physical symptoms without a clear physical cause.

Somatization disorder

This is mostly a result of chronic alcohol abuse which leads to sever memory deficits (both anterograde and retrograde amnesia) but typically preserves motor function and clear speech.

Korsakoff's syndrome

This is a condition that causes sudden weakness in the muscles on one side of the face.

Bell's palsy

This is a neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It often arises in individuals with chronic alcoholism or other conditions that impair thiamine absorption or utilization and often precedes Korsakoff's syndrome.

Wernicke's disease

This is a rare, genetic blood disorder that happens when your blood doesn’t clot enough to make your bleeding slow down or stop.

Hemophilia

This disease causes nerve cells in the brain to decay over time. The disease affects a person's movements, thinking ability and mental health.

Huntington's disease

Inability to coordinate voluntary movements

Ataxia

This kind of amnesia refers to the inability to recall information or events that occurred before the onset of amnesia.

Retrograde amnesia

This kind of amnesia refers to the loss of the ability to register new information.

Anterograde amnesia

This involves sexual arousal from non-living objects or specific body parts that are usually not seen as sexual.

Fetishism

This involves deriving sexual pleasure from rubbing against a non-consenting person in public places.

Frotteuristic

This involves obtaining sexual gratification from observing unsuspecting people who are naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity.

Voyeuristic

These refer to difficulties in sexual functioning, such as arousal or orgasm problems, not specific interests or fantasies.

Sexual dysfunction

These are intense and persistent sexual interests in atypical objects or activities that cause distress or impairment.

Paraphilia

This involves deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.

Sadism

These are disorders in which an individual has recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving nonhuman objects, children or other nonconsenting persons, or the suffering or humiliation of self or partner.

Paraphilias

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from prepubescent children.

Pedophilic disorder

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to unwilling individuals.

Exhibitionistic disorder

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting individuals in a sexual state.

Voyeuristic disorder

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from rubbing one's genitals against a non-consenting individual.

Frotteuristic disorder

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from inflicting pain or suffering on another person.

Sexual sadism disorder

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from experiencing pain or suffering.

Sexual masochism disorder

A paraphilic disorder that describes sexual arousal from cross-dressing.

Transvestic disorder

This is a mental health disorder that involves repeatedly being unable to resist urges to steal items that you generally don't really need. Often the items stolen have little value and you could afford to buy them.

Kleptomania

This is a period of elevated, irritable, or expansive mood and increased activity or energy that is less severe than mania. It's a state where a person may feel unusually energized, confident, and productive, potentially with decreased need for sleep.

Hypomania

This is a type of impulse control disorder that is characterized by being unable to resist starting fires.

Pyromania

This is a mental disorder characterized by a long-term urge that results in the pulling out of one's own hair.

Trichotillomania

These are a group of mental health conditions characterized by difficulties in controlling urges, temptations, or impulses that can lead to behaviors that harm oneself or others. These disorders are not about a lack of self-control, but rather a difficulty in resisting specific urges.

Impulse-control disorders

This is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of aggressive outbursts, including verbal and physical aggression, that are disproportionate to the triggering situation.

Intermittent explosive disorder

This is an inability to control gambling urges, leading to excessive gambling and financial problems.

Pathological gambling

These are mental health conditions that involve experiencing a loss of connection between thoughts, memories, feelings, surroundings, behavior and identity.

Dissociative disorders

This dissociative disorder involves a sense of separation from yourself or feeling like you're outside of yourself. You may feel as if you're seeing your actions, feelings, thoughts and self from a distance, like you're watching a movie.

Depersonalization

This dissociative disorder involves feeling that other people and things are separate from you and seem foggy or dreamlike. Time may seem to slow down or speed up. The world may seem unreal.

Derealization

This dissociative disorder is memory loss that's more severe than usual forgetfulness. The memory loss can't be explained by a medical condition. You can't recall information about yourself or events and people in your life, especially from a time when you felt shock, distress or pain.

Dissociative amnesia

This dissociative disorder involves "switching" to other identities. You may feel as if you have two or more people talking or living inside your head. You may feel like you're possessed by other identities.

Dissociative identity disorder

This is a neurocognitive disorder characterized by cognitive decline, not feelings of detachment.

Dementia

In psychology, they offer different ways to understand human behavior and mental processes.

Theoretical perspectives

This perspective emphasizes the role of biological factors, such as genes, brain structure, and hormones, in influencing behavior.

Biological perspective

This perspective focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned through interactions with the environment.

Behavioral perspective

This perspective explores how mental processes, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving, influence behavior and thoughts.

Cognitive perspective

This perspective emphasizes human potential for growth, self-awareness, and self-actualization.

Humanistic perspective

This perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and drives in shaping behavior and personality.

Psychodynamic perspective

This perspective explains behavior and mental processes in terms of their evolutionary origins and adaptive functions.

Evolutionary perspective

This perspective explores how social and cultural factors, such as group membership and societal norms, influence behavior and mental processes.

Sociocultural perspective

This perspective emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice in defining one's own meaning and purpose in life, even amidst an inherently meaningless universe.

Existential perspective

This is a behavioral approach to treating phobias which involves gradually exposing the client to the feared stimulus while the client practices relaxation exercises.

Systematic desensitization

This is a behavioral approach to treating phobias which involves intense and prolonged exposure to the feared stimulus without gradual steps or relaxation training.

Flooding

This is a behavioral approach which involves pairing a negative stimulus with a behavior to reduce the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.

Aversive conditioning

This is a behavioral approach to treating phobias which involves pairing a conditioned stimulus with a new response to change the association.

Counterconditioning

This is a behavioral approach to treating phobias which involves imagining exposure to feared stimuli.

Imaginal flooding

This is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and flat or inappropriate affect. Symptoms develop gradually and typically begin during young adulthood and rarely resolve.

Schizophrenia

These symptoms in schizophrenia are characterized by the absence of normal functions and behaviors, leading to a diminished or flattened emotional expression, lack of motivation, and social withdrawal.

Negative symptoms

A negative symptom in schizophrenia that shows reduced motivation, initiative, or ability to persist in purposeful activities.

Avolition

A negative symptom in schizophrenia that shows inability to experience pleasure or enjoyment in activities that were previously pleasurable.

Anhedonia

A negative symptom in schizophrenia that shows reduced speech output, including a decrease in the amount of spontaneous speech, and a tendency to speak in short, vague, or empty responses.

Alogia

A negative symptom in schizophrenia that shows reduced emotional expression, including diminished facial expressions, eye contact, and gestures.

Flat affect

A negative symptom in schizophrenia that shows reduced social interaction, withdrawal from social activities, and a lack of interest in forming relationships.

Asociality

These symptoms in schizophrenia are those that involve additions to normal thought and behavior.

Positive symptoms

A positive symptom in schizophrenia that are perceptions of things that don't exist in reality, such as hearing voices, seeing things that aren't there, or feeling sensations that aren't real.

Hallucinations

A positive symptom in schizophrenia that are false beliefs that are maintained even when evidence to the contrary is presented.

Delusions

The neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restlessness and difficulty in maintaining attentional focus.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

This is a mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a wide range of everyday situations.

Overanxiety / Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

This is a mental health condition affecting children and teens characterized by a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior and violations of social norms.

Conduct disorder (CD)

This is a behavioral disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of negative, defiant, and hostile behaviors toward authority figures. These behaviors can include frequent arguments, refusal to comply with requests, blaming others for mistakes, and being easily annoyed or spiteful. It is often diagnosed in children and adolescents, but it can also affect adults.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Type of ADHD that focuses on difficulty concentrating, staying organized and following through on instructions.

Inattentive

Type of ADHD that focuses on excessive activity, restlessness, difficulty sitting still, and acting impulsively.

Hyperactive-impulsive

This type of ADHD combines symptoms from both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive presentations.

Combined

This involves the use of various tests and techniques to gather information about an individual's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning to make a comprehensive evaluation.

Psychological assessment

The ____ of a test indicates the consistency of the scores it produces.

Reliability

The ____ of a test typically refers to legal responsibility or obligations.

Liability

The ____ of a test typically refers to how well a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Validity

The ____ of a test typically refers to the usefulness or practicality of a test in a specific context.

Utility

These are specific patterns of abnormal behavior or experiences that are recognized and classified within a particular culture or society.

Culture-bound syndromes

This refers to the presence of two or more disorders in the same individual.

Comorbid disorders

Mock Exams Flashcards

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