Mock gaps

Question 1

haloalkane to nitrile reagents

Answer 1

sodium cyanide (a source of the cyanide ion) dissolved in ethanol. why? to prevent nucleophilic substitution of H2O

Question 2

carbonyl to hydroxynitrile reagents

Answer 2

Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) in acid/H+ or HCN

Question 3

acid anhydride and alcohol

Answer 3

ester and carboxylic acid (can you draw some examples 😘)

Question 4

why does phenol react more readily with Cl2 for example… 3 points

Answer 4

• lone pair on oxygen is partially delocalised into delocalised pi system
• this increases its electron density
• can attract or accet electrophiles more easily

Question 5

used to reduce carbonyls

Answer 5

NaBH
⁴

Question 6

used to reduce nitrobenzene

Answer 6

Sn and HCl

Question 7

phenol and bromine

Answer 7

forms white ppt (tribromophenol)

Question 8

why are there diff rates if hydrolysis for R Cl and R Br

Answer 8

c- Cl bond enthalpy greater (more energy req to break this bond)

Question 9

Photodegradable polymers?

Answer 9

Contain light-sensitive carbonyl groups that absorb UV light, weakening nearby bonds and causing the polymer to fragment into smaller pieces.

Question 10

Entropy

Answer 10

a measure of disorder of a system/ a measure of dispersal of energy

Question 11

why is first ionisation of He greater than that of Li

Answer 11

electrons are in a lower energy level closer to the nuclei and therefore the atomic radii is smaller

Question 13

what does a buffer sol have

Answer 13

the conjugate base for the acid- only partially neutralised (still some H+ ions left)