Mock gaps Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

haloalkane to nitrile reagents

A

sodium cyanide (a source of the cyanide ion) dissolved in ethanol. why? to prevent nucleophilic substitution of H2O

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2
Q

carbonyl to hydroxynitrile reagents

A

Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) in acid/H+ or HCN

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3
Q

acid anhydride and alcohol

A

ester and carboxylic acid (can you draw some examples 😘)

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4
Q

why does phenol react more readily with Cl2 for example… 3 points

A
  • lone pair on oxygen is partially delocalised into delocalised pi system
  • this increases its electron density
  • can attract or accet electrophiles more easily
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5
Q

used to reduce carbonyls

A

NaBH

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6
Q

used to reduce nitrobenzene

A

Sn and HCl

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7
Q

phenol and bromine

A

forms white ppt (tribromophenol)

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8
Q

why are there diff rates if hydrolysis for R Cl and R Br

A

c- Cl bond enthalpy greater (more energy req to break this bond)

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9
Q

Photodegradable polymers?

A

Contain light-sensitive carbonyl groups that absorb UV light, weakening nearby bonds and causing the polymer to fragment into smaller pieces.

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10
Q

Entropy

A

a measure of disorder of a system/ a measure of dispersal of energy

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11
Q

why is first ionisation of He greater than that of Li

A

electrons are in a lower energy level closer to the nuclei and therefore the atomic radii is smaller

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

what does a buffer sol have

A

the conjugate base for the acid- only partially neutralised (still some H+ ions left)

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14
Q
A
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